Figure 583 Ventrodorsal projection of hip joints and pelvis.
To simplify the labelling each structure has been numbered on one side or the other but not on both sides. Also the vertebral column has not been fully labelled.
A Ilium
1 Crest
2 Gluteal surface
3 Cranial dorsal iliac spine
4 Caudal dorsal iliac spine
Numbers 3 and 4 form the tuber sacrale or dorsal iliac spine.
5 Wing
6 Cranial ventral iliac spine
7 Caudal ventral iliac spine
Numbers 6 and 7 form the tuber coxae or ventral iliac spine.
8 Body
B Pubis
9 Pecten
Pubic symphysis, part of the symphysis of the pelvis, is not recognisable due to superimposition of coccygeal or caudal vertebrae.
C Ischium
10 Ischiatic symphysis, part of the symphysis of the pelvis
11 Obturator foramen
12 Ischiatic spine
13 Ischiatic table
14 Ischiatic tuberosity
15 Ischiatic arch
D Acetabulum
16 Cranial acetabular edge
17 Dorsal acetabular edge
18 Ventral acetabular edge
19 Acetabular fossa
20 Acetabular notch
E Femur
21 Head
22 Neck
23 Greater trochanter
23(a) Trochanteric fossa
24 Lesser trochanter
25 Body
F Sacrum
26 Cranial articular process
27 Wing
28 Lateral sacral crest
29 Intermediate sacral crest
30 Median sacral crest
31 Articular surface with ilium wing
32 Sacroiliac joint
32(a) Region of synchrondrosis
32(b) Region of synovial joint
G 7th lumbar vertebra
H Coccygeal or caudal vertebra
Figure 584 Lateral projection of hip joints and pelvis. British Domestic Short Haired cat 4 years old, neutered female. (Approximately 170% of original size.)
Figure 585 Lateral projection of hip joints and pelvis.
A Ilium
1 Crest
2 Cranial dorsal iliac spine
3 Caudal dorsal iliac spine
Numbers 2 and 3 form the tuber sacrale or dorsal iliac spine.
4 Cranial ventral iliac spine
5 Caudal ventral iliac spine
Numbers 4 and 5 form the tuber coxae or ventral iliac spine.
6 Wing
7 Body
B Pubis
8 Iliopubic eminence
9 Pecten
10 Pubic tubercle. Cranial limit of the pubic part of the pelvic symphysis.
C Ischium
11 Pelvic symphysis
12 Obturator foramen
13 Ischiatic spine
14 Ischiatic tuberosity
15 Ischiatic table
D Acetabulum
E Femur
16 Head
17 Greater trochanter
18 Lesser trochanter
F Sacrum
19 Sacroiliac articulation
20 Median sacral crest
21 Vertebral canal
G 7th lumbar vertebra
H Coccygeal or caudal vertebra
Femur, including craniocaudal illustrating medial fabella: Figures 586–590
Figure 586 Mediolateral projection of femur. British Domestic Short Haired cat 6 years old, neutered male. (Approximately 150% of original size.)
Figure 587 Mediolateral projection of femur.
A Ilium
B Acetabulum
C Pubis
D Ischium
1 Obturator foramen
E Femur
2 Head
3 Neck
4 Greater trochanter
5 Lesser trochanter
6 Trochanteric fossa
7 Body
8 Trochlear groove
9 Trochlear ridge
10 Superimposed lateral and medial condyles
11 Base of intercondyloid fossa
F Tibia
12 Lateral condyle
13 Medial condyle
14 Intercondyloid eminence (more caudal shadow is that of the lateral intercondyloid tubercle)
15 Tibial tuberosity
16 Cranial border or ‘tibial crest’ as formerly known
G Fibula
H Patella
I Fabella of lateral head of m. gastrocnemius. (No ossified fabella visible on the medial side in this cat. This is a common finding in the cat. Figures 586 and 588 of the femur are of the same cat.)
J Fabella of m. popliteus
Figure 588 Craniocaudal projection of femur. British Domestic Short Haired cat 6 years old, neutered male. (Approximately 130% of original size.)
Figure 589 Craniocaudal projection of femur.
A Ilium
B Pubis
C Acetabulum
1 Cranial acetabular edge
2 Dorsal acetabular edge
3 Ventral acetabular edge
4 Acetabular fossa
4(a) Acetabular fissure
D Ischium
5 Obturator foramen
6 Ischiatic tuberosity
E Coccygeal or caudal vertebrae
F Femur
7 Head
8 Neck
9 Greater trochanter
9(a) Trochanteric fossa
10 Lesser trochanter
11 Body
12 Medial condyle
13 Lateral condyle
14 Intercondyloid fossa
G Tibia
15 Medial condyle
16 Lateral condyle
17 Intercondyloid eminence (medial and lateral intercondyloid tubercles are clearly seen)
H Patella
I Lateral fabella of m. gastrocnemius. (No ossified medial fabella is visible in this cat. This is a common finding in the cat. Figures 586 and 588 of the femur are of the same cat.)
J Fabella of m. popliteus
K Fibula
Figure 590 Craniocaudal projection of femur. British Domestic Short Haired cat 11 months old, neutered female. (Approximately 160% of original size.)
The radiograph has been included to demonstrate the ossified medial fabella in the tendon of the m. gastrocnemius. The medial fabella is commonly not seen in radiographs. This is usually due to non-mineralisation of the sesamoid fibrocartilage rather than agenesis.
Figure 591 Mediolateral projection of stifle joint. British Domestic Short Haired cat 2 years old, neutered female. (Approximately 200% of original size.)
Figure 592 Mediolateral projection of stifle joint.
A Femur
1 Trochlear groove
2 Medial trochlear ridge
3 Lateral trochlear ridge
4 Medial condyle
5 Lateral condyle
6 Intercondyloid fossa
B Patella
C Lateral fabella of m. gastrocnemius. (No ossified medial fabella is visible in this cat. Also not seen in radiographic and drawing Figures 593 and 594 of the 6 year old cat.)
D Fabella of m. popliteus
E Tibia
7 Medial condyle
8 Lateral condyle
9 Intercondyloid eminence
10 Tibial tuberosity
11 Cranial border or ‘tibial crest’ as formerly known
F Fibula
12 Head
Figure 593 Caudocranial projection of stifle joint. British Domestic Short Haired cat 6 years old, neutered male. (Approximately 190% of original size.)
Figure 594 Caudocranial projection of stifle joint.
A Femur
1 Medial condyle
2 Lateral condyle
3 Intercondyloid fossa
4 Popliteal fossa
B Patella
C Lateral fabella of m. gastrocnemius. (No ossified medial fabella is visible in this cat. Also not seen in radiographic and drawing Figures 591 and 592 of the 2 year old cat.)
D Fabella of m. popliteus
E Tibia
5 Medial condyle
6 Lateral condyle
7 Intercondyloid eminence (medial and lateral intercondyloid tubercles)
8 Tibial tuberosity
9 Cranial border or ‘tibial crest’ as formerly known
F Fibula
10 Head
Tibia and fibula: Figures 595–598
Figure 595 Mediolateral projection of tibia and fibula. British Domestic Short Haired cat 2 years old, neutered female. (Approximately 150% of original size.)
Figure 596 Mediolateral projection of tibia and fibula.
A Femur
1 Lateral condyle
2 Medial condyle
3 Base of intercondyloid fossa
B Tibia
4 Lateral condyle
5 Medial condyle
6 Intercondyloid eminence
7 Tibial tuberosity
8 Cranial border or ‘tibial crest’ as formerly known
9 Medial malleolus
C Fibula
10 Head
11 Lateral malleolus
D Fabella of m. popliteus
E Tibial tarsal bone or talus
12 Medial trochlear ridge
13 Lateral trochlear ridge
F Fibular tarsal bone or calcaneus
14 Calcaneal tuber
15 Sustentaculum tali
Figure 597 Caudocranial projection of tibia and fibula. British Domestic Short Haired cat 2 years old, neutered female. (Approximately 150% of original size.)
Figure 598 Caudocranial projection of tibia and fibula.
A Femur
1 Medial condyle
2 Lateral condyle
3 Intercondyloid fossa
B Patella
C Lateral fabella of m. gastrocnemius. (No ossified medial fabella is visible in this cat.)
D Fabella of m. popliteus
E Tibia
4 Medial condyle
5 Lateral condyle
6 Intercondyloid eminence (lateral and medial intercondyloid tubercles)
7 Medial malleolus
F Fibula
8 Head
9 Lateral malleolus
G Fibular tarsal bone or calcaneus
H Tibial tarsal bone or talus
Figure 599 Plantarodorsal projection of tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges. British Domestic Short Haired cat 3 years old, neutered male. (Approximately 150% of original size.)
Figure 600 Plantarodorsal projection of tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges.
A Tibia
1 Medial malleolus
1(a) Groove for tendon of m. flexor digitorum longus
2 Distal articular borders
B Fibula
3 Lateral malleolus
3(a) Groove for tendon of m. fibularis longus
3(b) Groove for tendon of m. fibularis brevis and m. extensor digitorum lateralis
C Tibial tarsal bone or talus
4 Medial trochlear ridge
5 Lateral trochlear ridge
6 Head
D Fibular tarsal bone or calcaneus
7 Calcaneal tuber
8 Sustentaculum tali
E Central tarsal bone
F Tarsal bone 1
G Tarsal bone 2
H Tarsal bone 3
I Tarsal bone 4
J Metatarsal bone 1
K Metatarsal bone 2
L Metatarsal bone 3
M Metatarsal bone 4
N Metatarsal bone 5
9 Base
10 Body
11 Head
O Proximal sesamoids. Present on the plantar aspect.
P Proximal phalanges
Q Middle phalanges
12 Base
13 Body
14 Head
R Distal phalanges
15 Ungual crest
16 Ungual process
17 Flexor tubercle
Figure 601 Mediolateral projection of tarsus, metatarsus and phalanges. British Domestic Short Haired cat 3 years old, neutered male. (Approximately 160% of original size.)
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