After reading this chapter, you will be able to • Describe and recognize clinical signs associated with specific diseases • Describe the etiology of the diseases • Describe common treatments of disease • List the common and scientific names of parasites associated with this species • List the common vaccinations and their schedules associated with this species Atrophic rhinitis is divided into two forms. The first form, regressive atrophic rhinitis, is caused by Bordetella bronchiseptica. It usually is mild and temporary, with little effect on performance (Fig. 25-1). The second form is progressive atrophic rhinitis, caused by toxigenic Pasturella multocida. Progressive atrophic rhinitis typically is severe and permanent, and it affects performance. Although each organism can cause nasal turbinate atrophy (Fig. 25-2) and nasal distortion independently, clinical signs tend to be more severe when combined. Although dogs, cats, and rodents can harbor B. bronchiseptica, their role in the spread of disease is unknown. Introduction of disease into a herd is usually through infected pigs. The disease can be intensified through overcrowding, mixing and moving of pigs, inadequate ventilation, and other concurrent diseases. Clostridium perfringens causes necrosis of all structural components of the villi. This necrosis causes blood loss into the intestinal wall and lumen (Fig. 25-4). These damaging effects cause necrohemorrhagic enteritis, which commonly causes hemorrhagic diarrhea (Fig. 25-5), followed by collapse and death in piglets younger than 1 to 3 days. When onset is less acute, brownish liquid feces develops between 3 to 5 days of age. Upon necropsy, the small intestine is often dark red and filled with hemorrhagic liquid. In piglets between 3 to 5 days of age, gas bubbles in the wall of the jejunum and necrosis of the mucosa within the jejunum and ileum can be seen. The two most common bacterial serovars found in swine are Leptospira pomona and L. bratislava. Other serovars that have been reported in swine include L. canicola, L. tarassovi, L. muenchen, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and L. grippotyphosa. In swine, the bacteria are commonly transferred upon exposure to infected urine from wildlife or other swine. Clinical signs include abortion 2 to 4 weeks before term, and SMEDI (stillbirth, mummification, embryonic death, and infertility). For more information on leptospirosis, see Chapter 13. Treatment and control of leptospirosis includes chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline if given early. Prevention includes annual vaccinations, confinement rearing, rodent control programs, fencing to prevent contact with contaminated water, and purchase of seronegative stock (Fig. 25-10).
Common Porcine Diseases
Bacterial Diseases
Atrophic Rhinitis
Clostridium Perfringens Type C Enteritis
Leptospirosis
Common Porcine Diseases
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