X

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Xylazine Hydrochloride



zye′lah-zeen hye-droe-klor′ide


Trade and Other Names: Rompun and generic brands


Functional Classification: Alpha2-adrenergic agonist, analgesic, sedative



Pharmacology and Mechanism of Action


Alpha2-adrenergic agonist. Alpha2-agonists decrease release of neurotransmitters from the neuron. They decrease transmission via binding to presynaptic alpha2-receptors (negative feedback receptors). The result is decreased sympathetic outflow, analgesia, sedation, and anesthesia. Other drugs in this class include medetomidine, dexmedetomidine, romifidine, detomidine, and clonidine. Xylazine is not as specific as other drugs in this group. Receptor binding studies indicate that alpha2/alpha1-adrenergic receptor selectivity was 1620 for medetomidine and 160 for xylazine.



Indications and Clinical Uses


Xylazine is used for short-term sedation, anesthesia, and analgesia in horses, dogs, cats, cattle, and exotic animals. Like other alpha2-agonists, it is used as an anesthetic adjunct and analgesic. The duration of effect is approximately 30 minutes. Compared to xylazine, dexmedetomidine and medetomidine produce better sedation and analgesia than xylazine in dogs. Romifidine produces the longest duration of sedative effects, followed by detomidine, medetomidine, and xylazine.



Precautionary Information



Adverse Reactions and Side Effects


In small animals, vomiting is the most common acute effect, which is more prominent in cats. Xylazine produces sedation and ataxia. Xylazine, like other alpha2-agonists, decreases sympathetic output. Cardiovascular depression may occur. Cardiac effects can include sinoatrial block, first- and second-degree AV block, bradycardia, and sinus arrhythmia. In ruminants, use of xylazine may decrease GI motility and cause bloating, salivation, and regurgitation. Note that cattle, sheep, and goats are much more sensitive to xylazine than other animals, which requires lowering the dose. Like other alpha2-agonists, xylazine produces transient hyperglycemia, which may increase urine flow.

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Jul 18, 2016 | Posted by in PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS | Comments Off on X

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