WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTION
West Nile virus (WNV) infection is more widespread throughout North America than any of the other equine encephalitides. WNV was originally identified in Europe, Africa (Uganda), the Middle East, and western Asia. In 1999 the first case of WNV infection was reported in the United States. How it got to North America is unknown.
TRANSMISSION
In humans there have been rare cases of transmission of WNV through organ transplants, blood transfusions, breast feeding, and through the placenta during pregnancy.
WEST NILE VIRUS INFECTION IN HORSES
Not all animals showing clinical signs of encephalitis are infected with WNV. Other diseases associated with encephalitis include rabies, botulism, and eastern and western equine encephalitis.
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