Urinary Bladder and Urethral Rupture

Urinary Bladder and Urethral Rupture



Basic Information image



Definition


Rupture of the urinary bladder or urethra caused by increased intraabdominal pressure, occlusion, or localized infection



Synonym(s)




• Uroabdomen


• Uroperitoneum



Epidemiology



Species, Age, Sex


Urinary bladder rupture is reportedly more common in colts during the first few days of life. Urethral rupture is more common in male horses.



Risk Factors




• Urinary bladder rupture may be a postfoaling sequela in mares.


• Meconium impaction may induce bladder rupture caused by straining and increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP).


• Omphalophlebitis or sepsis in foals can seed areas of the bladder that may become necrotic and perforate.



Associated Conditions and Disorders




• Urolithiasis


• Recent foaling



Clinical Presentation



History, Chief Complaint




• Colic


• Stranguria


• Pollakiuria


• Swollen prepuce


• Abdominal distension


• Depression or obtundation



Physical Exam Findings




• Possible abdominal distension


• Swollen prepuce, ventral midline, or both


• Balanoposthitis


• Depression or obtundation


• Tachypnea or increased respiratory effort



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• In foals, the urinary bladder usually ruptures dorsally where it is thinnest. The long, narrow urethra in colts may predispose them to bladder rupture because of high IAP with the mare’s contractions during foaling. In some cases, sepsis may create an area of bladder necrosis that eventually perforates.


• Mares may spontaneously rupture the bladder during foaling.


• Urethral occlusion, usually with urolithiasis, can lead to urethral or bladder rupture in adult male horses.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Urinary Bladder and Urethral Rupture

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