Splenic Rupture

Splenic Rupture



Basic Information image



Definition


Full-thickness disruption of the splenic parenchyma and capsule



Epidemiology



Risk Factors




• Abdominal trauma


• Splenic neoplasia


• Splenomegaly



Clinical Presentation



History, Chief Complaint




• Colic (often severe)


• Sweating


• Trembling or muscle fasciculations


• ± Evidence of abdominal trauma



Physical Exam Findings




• Clinical signs related to hypovolemia and hemorrhagic shock (as for hemoperitoneum):


image Tachycardia (often marked)

image Tachypnea

image Weak peripheral pulses, cool extremities, and poor jugular refill

image Pale mucous membranes, prolonged capillary refill time

image Weakness

image ± Altered mentation (depression is typical, but violent behavior or severe colic may be seen)

• Rectal examination: The spleen may be normal, palpably enlarged, irregular, or small and difficult to palpate.



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• External trauma, splenomegaly, or splenic neoplasia may result in disruption of the splenic parenchyma and capsule.


• Splenic rupture may also be a complication from an initial splenic hematoma if hemorrhage within the hematoma can not be controlled.



Diagnosis image



Differential Diagnosis


Other causes of hemoperitoneum



Initial Database




• Packed cell volume (PCV) and total solids (TS)


image May be normal in acute stages. A disproportionate decrease in TS concentration is often noted before the PCV decreases significantly.
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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Splenic Rupture

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