Introduction

Signalment^{1–3, 5}

The information in Table 1.1 and Table 1.2 provides a summary of suspected and confirmed breed predilections for various neurologic disorders. Knowledge of breed predilections can be very helpful when considering differential diagnoses, especially for uncommon presentations (e.g. neuropathies in juvenile patients). The clinician should be aware of the limitations of breed predilection tables, however. Newly discovered breed predilections or undiscovered breed predilections will not necessarily be represented in a table. In other words, breed predilection tables tend to increase in size with successive textbook editions. Also, breeds other than those reportedly predisposed to a particular disorder may occasionally be affected by that disorder. Finally, certain rare disorders may have only one or a few members of a certain breed reported in the literature. Since some of these disorders are inherited (e.g. lysosomal storage diseases), it may be assumed that the breed is at risk, despite low numbers of actually confirmed cases.

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Tags: Practical Guide to Canine and Feline Neurology

Apr 7, 2020 | Posted by admin in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Signalment and History: The First Considerations

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Afghan Hound	Acquired (idiopathic) laryngeal paralysis Hereditary myelopathy (leukodystrophy) Narcolepsy/cataplexy Retinal degeneration
Airedale Terrier	Cerebellar abiotrophy Cerebellar hypoplasia Congenital myasthenia gravis Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis
Akita	Acquired myasthenia gravis Congenital deafness Congenital vestibular disease (bilateral) Glycogenolysis (type III)
Alaskan Husky	Gangliosidosis (GM1) Mitochondrial encephalopathy (Leigh’s disease, subacute necrotizing encephalopathy)
Alaskan Malamute	Hereditary polyneuropathy Myelodysplasia Muscular dystrophy Osteochondromatosis of the vertebrae
American Bulldog	Ceroid lipofuscinosis
American Eskimo dog	Congenital deafness
Australian Blue Heeler	Congenital deafness
Australian Cattle dog	Ceroid lipofuscinosis Congenital deafness Dermatomyositis Mitochondrial encephalomyelopathy Myotonia congenita Polioencephalomyelopathy
Australian Kelpie	Cerebellar abiotrophy
Australian Shepherd	Ceroid lipofuscinosis (CLN 6) Congenital deafness
Basset Hound	Cervical spondylomyelopathy (bony stenosis) Degenerative disc disease (type I) Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe’s disease) Glycoproteinosis (Lafora’s disease)
Bavarian Mountain dog	Cerebellar abiotrophy
Beagle	Agenesis vermis cerebellum Congenital deafness Congenital vestibular disease Cerebellar abiotrophy Globoid cell leukodystrophy (Krabbe’s disease) Glycoproteinosis (Lafora’s disease) Idiopathic epilepsy Intervertebral disc disease (type I) Methionine deficiency-related spinal myelinopathy Narcolepsy Necrotizing vasculitis (steroid meningitis, Beagle pain syndrome)
Beagle mix	Gangliosidosis (GM1)
Belgian Sheepdog	Congenital nystagmus Muscular dystrophy
Belgian Shepherd (Groenendael)	Muscular dystrophy
Belgian Shepherd (Malinois)	Degenerative myelopathy Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis Leukodystrophy/spongy degeneration (encephalomyelopathy; Belgian Shepherd (Malinois)/Shepherd mixed-breed dogs)
Belgian Shepherd (Tervuren)	Idiopathic epilepsy Muscular dystrophy
Bern Running dog	Cerebellar degeneration
Bernese Mountain dog	Aggression Cerebellar abiotrophy Degenerative myelopathy Epilepsy Hepatocerebellar degeneration Histiocytic sarcoma Hypomyelination/dysmyelination (dysmyelinogenesis) Meningitis/meningomyelitis (necrotizing vasculitis)
Bichon Frise	Atlantoaxial instability Caudal occipital malformation syndrome Congenital deafness Idiopathic tremor syndrome (steroid responsive)
Blue Tick Hound	Globoid cell leukodystrophy
Boerboel	Cervical spondylomyelopathy
Border Collie	Cerebellar abiotrophy Ceroid lipofuscinosis Congenital deafness Fibrocartilaginous embolic myelopathy Idiopathic epilepsy Sensory neuropathy
Border Terrier	Spongiform leukoencephalopathy
Borzoi	Cervical spondylomyelopathy Congenital deafness
Boston Terrier	Brain tumor (gliomas) Cerebellar abiotrophy Congenital deafness Congenital hydrocephalus Congenital vertebral malformation (hemivertebrae) Intracranial arachnoid cyst Muscular dystrophy Myelodysplasia Vermian hypoplasia
Bouvier des Flandres	Distal sensorimotor polyneuropathy Hereditary laryngeal paralysis Muscular dystrophy Pharyngeal/esophageal myopathy
Boxer dog	Autoimmune polymyositis (+/– paraneoplastic) Congenital deafness Corticosteroid-responsive (aseptic) meningitis Degenerative myelopathy Disseminated idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) Head-bobbing (suspected dyskinesia) Neuroaxonal dystrophy Neuronal vacuolation Pilonidal (dermoid) sinus Primary brain tumor (glioma, meningioma) Progressive axonopathy Sensory neuropathy Spondylosis deformans
Briquet Griffon Vendéen	Spinal muscular atrophy (motor neuron disease)
Brittany Spaniel	Cerebellar abiotrophy (late onset) Muscular dystrophy Sensory ganglioradiculitis Spinal muscular atrophy Spinocerebellar degeneration
Brussels Griffon	Chiari-like malformation (CLM)
Bull Mastiff	Cerebellar abiotrophy Cervical spondylomyelopathy Extradural synovial cyst Leukodystrophy/spongiform degeneration
Bull Terrier	Cerebellar abiotrophy Congenital deafness Hereditary laryngeal paralysis Hyperkinesis Tail chasing
Cairn Terrier	Globoid cell leukodystrophy Hydrocephalus Portosystemic shunt (hepatic encephalopathy) Spinal muscular atrophy (motor neuron disease)
Cardigan Welsh Corgi	Congenital deafness Sensory ganglioradiculitis
Catahoula Leopard dog	Congenital deafness
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel	Chiari-like malformation (CLM) Cerebellar infarct Congenital deafness Dorsolateral vertebral canal stenosis and compression at C2–C3 Episodic muscle hypertonicity (“falling cavaliers”—probable dyskinesia) Femoral thromboembolism Fly chasing behavior Idiopathic epilepsy Primary secretory otitis media
Chihuahua	Atlantoaxial instability Ceroid lipofuscinosis Congenital deafness Congenital hydrocephalus Muscular dystrophy Necrotizing meningoencephalitis Neuroaxonal dystrophy
Chinese Crested	Cerebellar abiotrophy
Chow Chow	Cerebellar hypoplasia Congenital deafness Hypomyelination/dysmyelination (dysmyelinogenesis) Myotonia congenita
Clumber Spaniel	Cerebellar abiotrophy Mitochondrial myopathy
Cocker Spaniel	Cerebellar abiotrophy Ceroid lipofuscinosis Congenital deafness Congenital vestibular disease (English) Cryptococcosis (American) Hydrocephalus Idiopathic facial nerve paralysis Intervertebral disc disease (type I) Juvenile epilepsy Leukodystrophy/spongiform degeneration
	Multisystem neuronal degeneration (red-haired) Muscular dystrophy Myopathy (lipid storage, mitochondrial, phosphofructokinase deficiency) Myotonia congenita
Collie (rough-coated)	Cerebellar abiotrophy Dermatomyositis Optic nerve hypoplasia Sensory trigeminal neuropathy
Collie (scotch)	Congenital deafness Dermatomyositis Distal polyneuropathy
Collie (smooth-coated)	Congenital deafness Dermatomyositis Neuroaxonal dystrophy Spinal muscular atrophy
Coton de Tuléar	Cerebellar abiotrophy (two forms)
Dachshund	Cerebellar abiotrophy Ceroid lipofuscinosis Congenital deafness (dappled) Glycoproteinosis Idiopathic epilepsy Intervertebral disc disease (type I) Mucopolysaccharidosis (type III; wire-haired) Myasthenia gravis (congenital, acquired) Narcolepsy/cataplexy Neuronal glycoproteinosis (Lafora’s disease) Sensory neuropathy (long-haired)
Dalmatian	Ceroid lipofuscinosis Cervical spondylomyelopathy Congenital deafness Episodic muscle hypertonicity (“cramp”) Hypomyelination/dysmyelination (dysmyelinogenesis) Laryngeal paralysis/polyneuropathy complex Leukodystrophy/spongy degeneration
Doberman Pinscher	Cervical spondylomyelopathy Congenital deafness Congenital vestibular disease (uni or bilateral) Dancing Doberman disease Idiopathic head tremor Idiopathic self-mutilation (sensory neuropathy) Immune mediated myositis Narcolepsy/Cataplexy
Dogo Argentino	Congenital deafness Laryngeal paralysis/polyneuropathy complex
Dogue de Bordeaux	Cranial thoracic stenosis
English Bulldog	Cerebellar abiotrophy Congenital deafness Congenital vertebral malformation (Hemivertebra) Hydrocephalus Idiopathic head tremor Sacrococcygeal malformation Spina bifida
English Foxhound	Methionine deficiency-related spinal myelinopathy (Hound ataxia)
English Pointer	Cerebellar abiotrophy Sensory neuropathy (automutilation) Spinal muscular atrophy
English Setter	Ceroid lipofuscinosis Congenital deafness
Fila Brasileiro	Intervertebral disc disease (type II)
Fox Terrier	Congenital deafness Myasthenia gravis (congenital) Spinocerebellar degeneration
French Bulldog	Arachnoid diverticulum Congenital deafness Congenital vertebral malformation (Hemivertebrae) Idiopathic head tremor
Gammel Dansk Honsehund	Congenital myasthenic syndrome (presynaptic)
German Shepherd dog	Acquired myasthenia gravis Autoimmune polymyositis Cervical spondylomyelopathy Congenital deafness Congenital megaesophagus Congenital vestibular disease Cranial thoracic disc disease (protrusion) Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis Degenerative myelopathy Fibrotic myopathy Giant axonal neuropathy Hereditary laryngeal paralysis (white coat) Idiopathic epilepsy Intervertebral disc disease (type II) Masticatory myositis Mitochondrial myopathy Mucopolysaccharidosis Nephroblastoma Neuroaxonal dystrophy Spinal muscular atrophy (motor neuron disease)