Figure 63.1 Collection of semen sample by aspiration of seminal fluids from the cranial vagina immediately caudal to the cervix. Vaginoscopy is performed to identify sample pool; AI pipette is used to aspirate the sample for examination.
Figure 63.2 Seminal fluids pooled in the cranial vagina of a llama female 5 minutes after copulation with a male llama.
Artificial vaginas (AV) have been used to attempt semen collection in llamas and alpacas (Figure 63.3, Figure 63.4, and Figure 63.5). Llamas and alpacas do not readily accept AVs, and considerable effort has been expended to design systems that can be used reliably (Video 63.1). Various types of mannequins have been used, and these devices are most often covered with a tanned hide from a female llama or alpaca. These designs include various types of artificial vaginas mounted within the mannequin. These AVs often include an artificial cervix to provide penile stimulation (camelids are intrauterine ejaculators) and appropriate heating pads or warm water systems to keep the AV warm through the extended copulation period. Artificial vaginas provide the most representative semen sample, and these samples have the greatest sperm cell concentration and are of the highest quality compared with all other semen collection techniques. Unfortunately, the significant time and expense as well as the poor mobility of these systems have limited their adoption among veterinarians and breeders.
Figure 63.3 Artificial vagina (AV) designed to be placed on top of the rear quarters of a cushed female during breeding. The male’s penis is diverted into the AV unit after mounting the female and achieving sternal recumbency.
Figure 63.4 A warm water blanket or similar heating system is used to prevent cold-shock of the semen samples during the collection period.
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