S

S

S chemical symbol, sulfur; symbol for siemens and svedberg; [L.] semis (half); sight; [L.] signa (mark); [L.] sinister (left).

S phase see cell cycle.

S₁ first heart sound.

S₂ second heart sound.

S₃ third heart sound.

S₄ fourth heart sound.

Σ sigma, capital letter; eighteenth letter in the Greek alphabet. A mathematical symbol for sum.

σ sigma, small letter; eighteenth letter in the Greek alphabet. A mathematical symbol for standard deviation.

S-A, SA sinoatrial.

S-T segment the portion of an electrocardiogram between the end of the QRS complex and the beginning of the T wave. It represents the period of slow repolarization of the ventricles.

S1-mapping a method for mapping precursor or mature mRNA to particular DNA sequences using the enzyme S1-nuclease.

SA node see sinoatrial.

Saanen a breed of all-white, although cream is acceptable, dairy goat with prick ears and always polled.

Sabin–Feldmann dye test [sa′bin feld′mn] a test which detects serum antibody against Toxoplasma gondii. In the presence of antibodies, live organisms are not stained with methylene blue. Called also methylene blue dye binding test.

sable 1. a coat color pattern with black-tipped hairs on a light background. Seen in the German shepherd dog. 2. breed of fur rabbit; see American sable.

Sabouraud’s dextrose agar [sah-boo-ro′] see Sabouraud’s dextrose agar.

sabulous [sab′u-ls] gritty or sandy.

saburra [s-bur′] sordes; foulness of the mouth or stomach.

saburral [s-bur′l] pertaining to saburra.

SAC Scottish Agricultural College.

SAC Veterinary Science Division Reports SAC Veterinary Science Division Reports monthly reports of major diseases encountered in the 8 veterinary diagnostic laboratories in Scotland; reported in the Veterinary Record.

sac [sak] a pouch; a baglike organ or structure. See also conjunctival sac.

air s. 1. alveolar sac. 2. one of the large air-filled diverticula of the respiratory system of birds. See also air sacs.

allantoic s. see allantois.

alveolar s’s the spaces into which the alveolar ducts open distally, and with which the alveoli communicate.

anal s. see anal sacs.

endolymphatic s. the blind, flattened cerebral end of the endolymphatic duct.

heart s. the pericardium.

hernial s. the peritoneal pouch that encloses a herniated viscus or mesentery.

lacrimal s. see lacrimal sac.

paranal s. see anal sacs.

pleural s. the pleura-lined cavity which contains the lung.

ruminal s. one of the dorsal and ventral sacs of the rumen which are themselves further subdivided to create a caudodorsal sac and a caudoventral sac. Formerly called saccus dorsalis, saccus ventralis, saccus cecus caudodorsalis, saccus cecue caudoventralis, respectively.

yolk s. the extraembryonic membrane connected with the midgut; in vertebrates other than true mammals, it contains a yolk mass. See also yolk sac.

sacahuiste, sacahuista Nolina texana, N. microcarpa.

saccade [s-kād′] small, rapid, involuntary, jerky movements of both eyes simultaneously, such as occur in humans while reading and all animals when focusing attention on a fixed object during head movements.

saccadic [s-kad′ik] characterized by saccades.

saccate [sak′āt] 1. shaped like a sac. 2. contained in a sac.

saccharated iron, saccharated ferric oxide a brown powder, soluble in water, used as a hematinic. Given by intramuscular injection to newborn piglets. See also iron poisoning.

saccharide [sak′-rīd] one of a series of carbohydrates, including the sugars; they are divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, trisaccharides and polysaccharides according to the number of saccharide groups present.

sacchariferous containing sugar.

saccharogalactorrhea secretion of milk containing an excess of sugar.

saccharogenic capable of producing a sugar.

saccharolytic [sak″-ro-lit′ik] capable of splitting up sugar.

saccharometabolic [sak″-ro-met″-bol′ik] pertaining to the metabolism of sugar.

saccharometabolism [sak″-ro-m-tab′o-liz-m] the metabolism of sugar.

Saccharomyces farciminosum [sak″-ro-mi′sēz] see Histoplasma capsulatum var farciminosum.

Saccharomycopsis guttulatus [sak″-ro-mi-kop′sis] see Cyniclomyces guttulatus.

saccharum [sak′-rm] [L.] sugar (especially sucrose).

sacciform [sak′s-form] shaped like a bag or sac.

Saccostrea glomerata farmed bivalve; called also Sydney rock oyster.

saccular [sak′u-lr] pertaining to or resembling a sac.

s. stage lung growth about the midpoint of fetal development when the lung volume increases markedly due to saccule development; subdivision of the saccules into alveoli commences.

sacculated [sak′u-lāt″d] containing saccules.

sacculation [sak″u-la′shn] 1. a saccule, or pouch. 2. the quality of being sacculated. 3. the formation of pouches.

large intestinal s. see haustrum.

saccule [sak′ūl] 1. a little bag or sac; a small, pouchlike cavity. 2. the smaller of the two divisions of the membranous labyrinth of the vestibule, which communicates with the cochlear duct by way of the ductus reuniens.

laryngeal s. the pouch-like cul-de-sac of the laryngeal ventricle especially when of large size. Former terminologies distinguished between the entrance to the laryngeal ventricle and this, its pouchlike extension. The current NAV makes no such distinction. The entrance in most species lies between the vocal and the vestibular folds. In pigs the ventricle lies between the two parts of the vocal ligament and there is no sac in the cat nor in ruminants. Called also ventriculus laryngis.

sacculectomy surgical removal of saccular structures.

anal s. performed in dogs with anal sac disease. It is also the basis for descenting of skunks and ferrets. There are a number of different procedures described, many of which are modifications intended to enable the surgeon to more easily visualize and handle the structures.

sacculitis [sak″u-li′tis] inflammation of a saccule, e.g. airsacculitis, anal sacculitis.

sacculus [sak′u-ls] pl. sacculi [L.] a saccule.

s. laryngis see laryngeal saccule.

saccus [sak′s] pl. sacci [L.] a sac.

s. cecus the blind sac of a viscus such as the fundus of the stomach in the horse.

s. hypophysialis an outgrowth of ectoderm coming directly from the roof of the stomodeum in the embryo; it comes into contact with a downgrowth from the forebrain and is later transformed into the anterior lobe of the pituitary.

S-1 : Schematic dorsal view of an equine pelvis showing position of sacrum and short dorsal sacroiliac ligament (hatched lines) which runs from the tuber sacrale to the sacral spinous processes.

From Goff LM, Jeffcott LB, Jasiewicz J, McGowan CM: Structural and biomechanical aspects of equine sacroiliac joint function and their relationship to clinical disease. Vet J 176:281-293, 2008. Elsevier.

sacrad [sa′krad] toward the sacrum.

sacral [sa′krl] pertaining to the sacrum.

s. dysgensis see sacrocaudal agenesis.

sacralgia [sa-kral′j] pain in the sacrum.

sacralization [sa″krl--za′shn] anomalous fusion of the last lumbar vertebra with the first segment of the sacrum.

sacrectomy [sa-krek′t-me] excision or resection of the sacrum.

sacred bamboo see Nandina domestica.

Sacred cat of Burma see Birman.

sacr(o)- word element. [L.] sacrum.

sacrocaudal pertaining to the sacrum and the tail.

s. agenesis, s. dysgenesis abnormal development of the vertebrae in the area; seen most commonly in Manx cats, where it is inherited as a autosomal dominant trait, and dogs naturally tailless, e.g. Old English sheepdogs, British bulldogs and others. It is often associated with abnormalities of innervation to the anus, urinary bladder and sometimes hindlegs and tail.

s. fusion an anomalous union between the sacrum and coccygeal vertebrae.

s. joint the joint between the sacrum and the tail.

s. luxation a relatively common traumatic injury in dogs and cats, caused by traction on the tail. Neurological deficits result from hemorrhage, edema and avulsion of nerve roots in the terminal spinal cord. There may be urinary and fecal incontinence, posterior paresis and paralysis of the tail.

sacrococcygeal [sa″kro-kok-sij′e-l] see sacrocaudal.

sacroiliac [sa″kro-il′e-ak] pertaining to the sacrum and the ilium, or the joint between these two bones, or to the part of the back where these bones meet on both sides of the back.

s. joint see Table 1.

sacroiliitis [sa″kro-il″e-i′tis] inflammation of the sacroiliac joint.

sacrolumbar [sa″kro-lum′br, -bahr] pertaining to the sacrum and lumbar vertebra; the loins.

sacropelvic [sa″kro-pel′vik] pertaining to the pelvis and sacrum.

sacrosciatic [sa″kro-si-at′ik] pertaining to the sacrum and ischium.

sacrospinal [sa″kro-spi′nl] pertaining to the sacrum and vertebral column.

sacrotuberous ligament [sa″kro-too′br-s] see Table 12.

sacrouterine [sa″kro-u′tr-in] pertaining to the sacrum and uterus.

sacrovertebral [sa″kro-vur′t-brl] pertaining to the sacrum and vertebrae.

sacrum [sa′krm] the triangular-shaped bone between the lumbar and coccygeal vertebrae; formed usually of five fused vertebrae (four in pigs, three in dogs) that are wedged between the two hip bones. See also Tables 10.

SAD rabies vaccine Street–Alabama–Dufferin strain of attenuated rabies vaccine.

saddle [sad′l] 1. the back region over the thoracic vertebrae. 2. a coat color marking in dogs, usually black, located over the back. Seen in Beagles. 3. a piece of harness for either riding or draft.

s. thrombus see saddle thrombus, aortic embolism.

s. scab see equine staphylococcal dermatitis.

s. sore, s. gall a pressure sore caused by bad riding technique or more commonly a badly fitting or poorly stuffed saddle.

Saddleback see Wessex saddleback.

saddlepatch disease see columnaris disease.

safe light red, yellow or orange light for use in photographic darkroom used for developing X-ray film; should comply with the specifications of the type of filter being used and the screen-film combination.

safety avoidance of occupational, iatrogenic or personal injury.

drug s. freedom from undesirable side-effects; increases with specificity and selectivity of a drug. See also safety index (below).

s. index maximum tolerated dose/recommended dose, the doses being expressed in similar terms, e.g. mg/lb, mg/kg.

radiological s. routine the specific routine to be followed in an X-ray room to ensure minimal risk to all parties.

restraint s. proper use of appropriate restraint procedure when dealing with any animal.

s. specifications specifications laid down by a local government authority about the construction and equipment to be used in a radiological facility.

S-2 : Canine sacrum. A, Ventral view. B, Dorsal view.

From Colville TP, Bassert JM, Clinical Anatomy and Physiology for Veterinary Technicians, 2nd Edition. Mosby, 2008.

safety pin appearance the appearance of Clostridium perfringens spores in fecal examinations; the open end represents the remains of the vegetative cell.

Saffan a steroidal preparation containing two pregnanediones (alfaxalone and alfadolone acetate) and used for the induction of anesthesia. Induces short-term anesthesia immediately when administered intravenously. Called also CT 1341.

safflower meal [saf′low-r] ground cake made of decorticated residue of seeds of Carthamus tinctorius, rich in linoleic acid. A modest protein dietary supplement deficient in methionine and lysine. Called also kurdee.

saffron see Colchicum autumnale.

sage [sāj] common name for plants in the genus Salvia.

poison s. Isotropis atropurpurea.

s. sickness unspecified poisoning by Artemisia spp.

Texas sage Salvia texana.

sagebrush common name for plants in the genus Artemisia; includes big sagebrush (A. tridentata), sand sagebrush (A. filifolia).

sagging crop see pendulous crop.

sagging posture comprises drooping ears, head hung low, tail down (unkinked in the case of pigs), lackluster facial expression.

sagittal [saj′-tl] 1. shaped like an arrow. 2. situated in the direction of the sagittal suture; said of a plane or section parallel to the median plane of the body.

sago palm [sa′go] Metroxylon sagu, the usual source of sago in the Pacific region; misleading common name given to the cycad Cycas revoluta, which is not a palm.

sago spleen [sa′go] the white pulp (lymphoid follicular tissue) of the spleen is enlarged and protrudes from the capsular and cut surfaces like grains of sago. Occurs in amyloidosis and splenic lymphoma.

Sahelian emanating from or pertaining to Sahel, the region south of the Sahara desert in Central Africa.

S. goat many varieties of this dual-purpose breed in North West Africa.

Sahiwal a reddish-dun zebu type breed of dairy cattle. Usually has white markings.

SAIDS simian acquired immune deficiency syndrome.

sail sign the thymus, seen as a triangular structure in the left, cranial mediastinum on ventrodorsal radiographs of the thorax in young dogs.

Saint Bernard, St. Bernard a very large (110–200 lb) dog with massive, broad head, medium-sized ears lying close to the head, and a long tail. There are two varieties, the most familiar (rough) has a long, thick coat, while the smooth variety has a shorter coat, lying close to the body. The breed is predisposed to osteogenic sarcoma, ectropion, entropion, hip dysplasia, osteochondrosis, hemophilia and congestive cardiomyopathy.

St. George disease see Pimelea.

St. Hubert hound see Bloodhound.

St. John’s wort see Hypericum.

St. Louis encephalitis see St. Louis encephalitis.

St. Lucia grass Brachiaria brizantha.

saki (Pithecia spp.) a small, longhaired, bushy-tailed, New World monkey.

sal [sal] [L.] salt.

salamander [sal″-man′dr] lizard-like amphibians in the order Caudata; they may be aquatic, semi-aquatic or terrestial, often depending on their life stage. They are capable of regenerating lost body parts, and in order to escape predators will shed their tail, which later regrows. Neoteny, the maintenance of larval characteristics throughout life, is a common phenomenon in these animals. Popular as pets. See also newts.

s. poisoning dogs and cats mouthing salamanders may become distressed with excessive salivation, muscular weakness and incoordination and rarely convulsions.

Sala’s cells star-shaped cells of connective tissue in the fibers that form the sensory nerve endings situated in the pericardium.

salbutamol [sal-bu′t-mol] see albuterol.

Salers mahogany red, dual-purpose French cattle.

salicyl-sulfonic acid test [sal″-sl-sl-fon’ik] precipitation of protein in a urine sample by a 20% aqueous solution of salicyl-sulfonic acid. Placing the urine over a layer of reagent in a test tube results in the formation of a white ring where the two solutions meet, indicating that protein is present.

salicylamide [sal″-sl-am′īd] an amide of salicylic acid; used as an analgesic; toxic in cats.

salicylanilides [sal″-sl-an’-līd] a group of anthelmintics which exert their action by uncoupling mitochondrial reactions which are critical to electron transport and associated phosphorylation in the metabolic system of the parasite. Bind to plasma proteins and persist for several weeks. They are effective against cestodes and trematodes but generally not nematodes. Some are active against Haemonchus contortus, e.g. rafoxanide and closantel.

salicylate [sal″-sil′āt, s-lis′-lāt] any salt or ester of salicylic acid. The salicylates used as drugs for their analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects include aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA), methyl salicylate and sodium salicylate. Low dosages of salicylates are used primarily for the relief of mild-to-moderate pain or fever. The mechanism of most of the effects of aspirin and other salicylates is inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, thus blocking pyretic and inflammatory processes that are mediated by prostaglandins. Aspirin also prolongs the bleeding time through its effects on platelets owing to both inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis and acetylation of platelet structures. Salicylates also cause ulceration and hemorrhagic lesions of the gastric mucosa; the same mechanisms involved in the anti-inflammatory effects increase the production of stomach acid, decrease the secretion of protective mucus and increase bleeding. See also aspirin poisoning.

S-3 : The sagittal plane.

Christenson DE, Veterinary Medical Terminology. Saunders, 2008.

S-4 : Saint Bernard (shorthaired).

salicylazosulfapyridine [sal″-sil-az″o-sul″f-pir′-dēn] see sulfasalazine.

salicylic acid [sal′-sil′ik] o-hydroxybenzoic acid; used as a keratolytic. See also salicylate.

salicylism [sal′-sil″iz-m] toxic signs caused by salicylic acid.

saline [sa′lēn, sa′līn] salty; of the nature of a salt.

hypertonic s. therapy an alternate to the expensive and time consuming continuous intravenous infusion of isotonic solution for treatment of endotoxic shock, hemorrhagic shock and the rehydration of hypovolemia, particularly in farm animals. Consists of the rapid intravenous injection of hypertonic saline followed by oral rehydration fluids.

hypertonic s. a solution contining 1–23.4% NaCl.

s. solution a solution of salt (sodium chloride) in purified water. Physiological saline solution is a 0.9% solution of sodium chloride and water and is isotonic, i.e. of the same osmotic pressure as blood serum.

s. water poisoning see sodium chloride poisoning.

s. waters waters from surface running mineral springs, water obtained from natural underground storages in artesian and subartesian bores.

Whittingham’s s. a phosphate-buffered saline used to store fertilized embryos.

salinomycin [sal″in-o-mi′sin] an ionophore coccidiostat and growth promotant with a broad spectrum of efficiency and closely related to monensin and lasalocid.

s.–tiamulin poisoning fed concurrently or close together to pigs enhances the myonecrotic effect of salinomycin.

saliuresis diuresis due to high electrolyte excretion; e.g. the feeding of additional salt as a prevention against urolithiasis in sheep and cattle acts in this way. Some useful salt or osmotic diuretics may have to be administered parenterally because of poor absorption.

saliva [s-li′v] the enzyme-containing secretion of the salivary glands.

s. tests tests conducted on the saliva of horses competing in races or show events to detect the presence of drugs used to affect the horse’s performance.

salivant [sal′-vnt] causing flow of saliva.

Salivaria [sal″-var’e-] the anterior station group of trypanosomes which transmit the protozoa with their mouthparts.

salivarian [sal″-var′e-n] said of trypanosomes, such as Duttonella, Nannomonas, Pycnomonas and Trypanosoma. These trypanosomes are passed to the recipient in the saliva of the tsetse fly (Glossina spp.). See also Salivaria.

salivary [sal′-var-e] pertaining to the saliva.

s. amylase an α-amylase, ptyalin, initiates digestion of starch and glycogen in the mouth. Dogs, cats and horses appear not to secrete the enzyme.

s. calculus sialolith. See salivary calculus.

S-5 : Salivary glands in the dog.

From Aspinall V, O’Reilly M, Introduction to Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology. Butterworth Heinemann, 2004.

s. duct atresia a congenital absence of lumen in the duct; causes distention then atrophy of the gland.

s. duct dilatation see ranula.

s. ducts excretory ducts that carry the saliva from the glands to the mouth cavity.

salivary gland [sal′-var-e] any of the glands around the mouth that secrete saliva. The major ones are the three pairs known as the parotid, mandibular or submandibular and sublingual glands. There are other smaller salivary glands within the cheeks, e.g. zygomatic gland, and in the tongue.

s. g. inflammation see sialoadenitis, parotiditis.

s. g. squamous metaplasia of the interlobular duct of the salivary gland is a feature of hypovitaminosis A.

salivation [sal″-va′shn] 1. the secretion of saliva. 2. ptyalism.

excessive s. may be caused by slaframine toxicosis from the fungus Rhizoctonia leguminocola, by foreign bodies or painful lesions in the mouth. To be distinguished from drooling of saliva because of failure to swallow.

s. inhibitor antisialagogue; examples are atropine and glycopyrrolate.

salivon a functional salivary unit consisting of several acini and their related ducts and tubules.

sallenders a localized chronic dermatitis in front of the hock of heavy draft horses. The cause is unknown. The lesion is scabby, alopecic, with thick, hardened skin.

salmeterol [sal-met′r-ol] a long-acting β₂-agonist used in inhalation therapy for inflammatory airway disease.

Salmincola a genus of parasitic crustaceans which attach to the gills of salmonid fish and cause obstruction of respiration and blood loss resulting in delayed sexual maturity, reduced growth rate and some mortality. Includes S. edwardsi and S. salmonicola (gill lice).

Salmo genus of salmon and trout in the family Salmonidae, many of them farmed. Includes S. trutta (brown trout), S. salar (Atlantic salmon).

salmon the common name for fish in the family Salmonidae; many species are in the genera Salmo and Oncorhyncus.

Atlantic s. Salmo salar.

Chinook s. Oncorhynchus tshawytscha.

chum s. Oncorhynchus keta.

coho s. Oncorhynchus kisutch.

s. louse Lepeophtherius salmonis.

pink s. Oncorhynchus gorbuscha.

s. poisoning, s. disease a disease of dogs and other canids caused by eating raw salmon or other fish containing encysted metacercariae of the fluke Nanophyetus salmincola, which is the vector for Neorickettsia helminthoeca. It occurs only in the Pacific Northwest of the USA. The disease in dogs is characterized by fever, ocular discharge and edema of the eyelids, followed by vomiting, then diarrhea and later severe dysentery and death in untreated cases. See also Elokomin fluke fever.

sockeye s. Oncorhynchus nerka.

Salmonella [sal″mo-nel′] a genus of gram-negative, non-lactose fermenting, medium-sized, rod-shaped, bacteria, members of the family Enterobacteriaceae, most species having flagella and pili. The genus contains three species which have been divided into seven subgroups and a very large number of serotypes. Most species pathogenic for warm-blooded animals are in subgroup I (S. enterica). Subgroups IIIa (S. salamae) and IIIb (S. arizonae) include some species occasionally pathogenic for animals and birds. The salmonella include the typhoid–paratyphoid bacilli and bacteria usually pathogenic for lower animals but which are often transmitted to humans. They cause salmonellosis which has a number of manifestations and some are specific causes of abortion. Although serotypes are not recognized as species, the serotype names are often written as though they are species names.

S. abortusequi causes abortion in horses.

S. abortusovis, S. montevideo cause abortion in sheep. A disease notifiable to the OIE (see Table 22).

S. arizonae the name applied to subgroup IIIa, these organisms cause severe enteritis and septicemia in chicks and turkey poults. Now classified as S. enterica subsp. arizonae.

S. bovismorbificans causes enteritis in cattle and horses.

S. choleraesuis biotype Kunzendorf causes septicemic and enteric salmonellosis of swine. Called the hog cholera bacillus because of the similarity of the clinical diseases.

S. dublin causes septicemia, meningitis, enteritis and abortion in cattle and abortion in sheep.

S. enteriditis a common cause of gastroenteritis in humans. Recorded also in most domestic animal species and fowl.

S. gallinarum causes fowl typhoid.

S. heidelberg an occasional isolate in horses.

S. pullorum causes pullorum disease.

standard S. pullorum strains contains only small amounts of the 12₂ antigen relative to the O 12₃ antigen. In variant strains the reverse is the case. Polyvalent antigen is thus preferable for serological testing.

S. typhimurium the causative agent of mouse typhoid and of food poisoning in humans. Causes outbreaks of enteritis in most species, often related to rodent infestation. The cause of fowl paratyphoid. Clinical disease is commonly manifest with severe diarrhea and dehydration but sub-clinical infection and intestinal carriage is common, particularly in swine and poultry where contaminated food products are a public health risk. Clonal epidemic strains can arise to produce disease in both animals and humans as occurred with DT104 in the 1990s and early 2000s. One cause of nosocomial infections in horses in veterinary school hospitals. The causative agent of mouse typhoid and fowl paratyphoid. Intestinal carriage is common in cold-blood pets.

S. typhisuis an uncommon isolate in pigs.

salmonellosis [sal″mo-nl-o′sis] a highly contagious disease of all animal species caused by Salmonella. Salmonella serovars differ in the range of hosts they can infect and in the nature of disease that may result. Some can infect a wide range of hosts and are termed ubiquitous, others are very restricted in their host range, causing severe disease in only one host. Depending on the serovar and host, salmonellosis may be manifest by septicemia, and acute or chronic enteritis. Abortion is a common accompaniment, particularly in food animals and horses. Localization may occur in almost any organ. It is a rare occurrence in companion animals. Called also paratyphoid. Certain serovars are transmissible to humans and salmonellosis is an important zoonosis, with special implications for veterinarians involved in food hygiene.

salmonid a member of the fish family Salmonidae. Includes salmon, trout, char.

salpingectomy [sal″pin-jek′t-me] excision of a uterine tube.

S-6 : Red discoloration of ears and snout with septicemic salmonellosis.

S-7 : Avian salpingitis as a result of Salmonella infection.

From Songer JG, Veterinary Microbiology: Bacterial and Fungal Agents of Animal Disease. Saunders, 2004.

salpingemphraxis [sal″pin-jm-frak′sis] obstruction of a pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube.

salpingian [sal-pin′je-n] pertaining to the auditory or the uterine tube.

salpingitis [sal″pin-ji′tis] 1. inflammation of the oviduct (uterine tube). 2. inflammation of a pharyngotympanic (eustachian) tube.

mural s. pachysalpingitis.

parenchymatous s. pachysalpingitis.

salping(o)- word element. [Gr.] tube (eustachian tube or uterine tube).

salpingocele [sal-ping′go-sēl] hernial protrusion of a uterine tube.

salpingocyesis development of the embryo within a uterine tube; tubal pregnancy.

salpingography [sal″ping-gog′r-fe] radiography of the uterine tubes after intrauterine injection of a radiopaque medium.

salpingolithiasis the presence of calcareous deposits in the wall of the uterine tubes.

salpingolysis [sal″ping-gol′-sis] surgical separation of adhesions involving the uterine tubes.

salpingo-oophorectomy [sal-ping″go-o-of″-rek′t-me] excision of a uterine tube and ovary.

salpingo-oophoritis [sal-ping″go-o-of″-ri′tis] inflammation of a uterine tube and ovary.

salpingo-oophorocele [sal-ping″go-o-of′-ro-sēl] hernia of a uterine tube and ovary.

salpingopexy [sal-ping′go-pek″se] fixation of a uterine tube.

salpingopharyngeal [sal-ping″go-f-rin′je-l] pertaining to the auditory tube and the pharynx.

salpingoplasty [sal-ping′go-plas″te] plastic repair of a uterine tube.

salpingostomy [sal″ping-gos′t-me] 1. formation of an opening or fistula into a uterine tube for the purpose of drainage. 2. surgical restoration of the patency of a uterine tube.

salpingotomy [sal″ping-got′-me] surgical incision of a uterine tube.

salpinx [sal′pinks] 1. a uterine tube. 2. an auditory tube.

salsa Ipomoea asarifolia.

Salsola plant genus in the family Chenopodiaceae; contains soluble oxalates and causes oxalate poisoning characterized by nephrosis, urolithiasis; includes S. barbata, S. australia (S. kali tumbleweed, soft roly-poly, Russian thistle).

S. tuberculatiformis, S. tuberculata var. tomentosa poisoning of sheep with this South African plant causes prolongation of gestation, enlargement of the fetus and dystocia. Syndrome called grootlamsiekte. Called also S. tuberculata var. tomentosa.

SALT see skin-associated lymphoid tissues.

salt [sawlt] 1. any compound of a base and an acid. 2. salts, a saline purgative. See also sodium chloride.

bile s’s salts of the bile acids and their glycine or taurine conjugates which are formed in the liver and secreted in the bile (primary bile salts) or produced in the small intestine by the action of bacteria on primary bile salts (secondary bile salts). They are powerful detergents which activate lipases and break down fat globules, enabling fats to be digested and absorbed.

s. brine strong solution of common salt used to pickle meat and other human foods. Sodium chloride is the biggest component but large quantities of nitrate are usually present and represent a greater toxicity hazard than does the salt.

buffer s. a salt in the blood that is able to absorb slight excesses of acid or alkali with little or no change in the hydrogen ion concentration.

common s. see sodium chloride.

s. gland a salt excreting gland of seabirds, some reptiles such as sea snakes, some crocodiles, marine iguanas, and some fish that enables the drinking of sea-water. The gland ducts discharge in various places depending on the species, such as the nose, conjunctival sac or tongue.

s. hunger common in circumstances in which animals are derived of any salt; manifested by leather chewing, earth eating, coat licking and urine drinking.

s. lick 1. naturally occurring deposit of salt in the form of a shallow pan that wild and domestic animals can share by licking. 2. a prepared mixture of salt with other minerals added, the composition varying with the local nutritional deficiency. The cattle or sheep are encouraged to lick by the taste of the salt and serendipitously acquire the other minerals. May be loose and put out in containers covered against the weather or formed into blocks that resist rain erosion and are fitted into holders fixed to buildings or free-standing in the pasture. See also mineral–salt mixture.

Rochelle s. potassium sodium tartrate, a cathartic.

s. sick see copper nutritional deficiency.

smelling s’s aromatic ammonium carbonate, a stimulant and restorative.

s. tolerant capable of surviving in a high concentration of salt, e.g. some bacteria, including staphylococci.

salt-losing crisis vomiting, dehydration, hypotension and sudden death due to very large sodium losses from the body. It may be seen in abnormal losses of sodium into the urine (as in adrenocortical insufficiency or one of the forms of salt-losing nephritis) or in large extrarenal sodium losses, usually from the gastrointestinal tract.

salt sickness dual copper and cobalt deficiency.

salt-stored ovum penetration assay a test of the ability of spermatozoa in a semen sample to attach to and penetrate the zona pellucida of ova. Salt storage in NH₄SO₄ enables eggs from abattoir-collected ovaries to be used for several months. salt water couch Paspalum distichum.

saltation [sal-ta′shn] 1. the action of leaping, as in louping ill or the dancing of porcine myotonia congenita. 2. conduction along myelinated nerves. 3. in genetics, an abrupt variation in species; a mutation.

saltatory [sal′t-tor″e] pertaining to or emanating from saltation.

s. conduction the leaping action transfer of electric potential from node of Ranvier to node of Ranvier along a medullated nerve fiber instead of a steady flow along the length of the nerve.

saltbush a widespread forage or browse plant on extensive range in Australian arid zones. Called also Atriplex spp. Strictly a maintenance feed.

annual s. Atriplex muelleri.

barrier s. see Enchylaena tomentosa.

four wing s. Atriplex canescens.

ruby s. see Enchylaena tomentosa.

salted meats meats cured for preservation by the addition of salt to the external surface. The salt draws out water by osmosis. Plain salting is not a very sophisticated procedure and most commercial curing has at least nitrate in the curing mixture. See also bacon curing.

Salter classification [sawl′tr] a system for classifying fractures, fracture- separations, and separations of the physis into five types. They are: Salter type I—a separation line through the epiphyseal plate only; Salter type II—a partial separation of the epiphyseal plate and fracture into the metaphyseal bone; Salter type III—a partial separation of the epiphyseal plate and a fracture through the epiphysis; Salter type IV—a fracture through the metaphysis, across the epiphyseal plate and through the epiphysis; Salter type V—a crushing or compression injury to the epiphyseal plate. Called also Salter–Harris classification.

Salter–Harris classification see Salter classification.

salting [sawl′ting] (of cattle) a term used in the USA where placement site of salt on a range area is moved so as to attract cattle to the new placement area; also used to move cattle from mountain grazing.

salting out [sawl′ting out] the separation of protein fractions in the serum or plasma by precipitation using increasing concentrations of neutral salts.

saltpeter, saltpetre potassium nitrate.

salubrious [s-loo′bre-s] conducive to health; wholesome.

S-8 : Salter-Harris classification of physeal fractures.

From Fossum TW, Small Animal Surgery, 3rd Edition. Mosby, 2007.

S-9 : Salter I fracture of the distal tibia in a cat.

From Seaman JA, Simpson AM: Tibial fractures. Clin Tech Sm Anim Pract 19:151-167, 2004. Elsevier.

Saluki a medium-sized, very fine, graceful dog with a fine, silky coat that is flat on the body, but forms slight ‘feathers’ on the legs, ears, tail, and sometimes thighs and shoulders. There is also a smooth variety, which has no feathering. A sight-hunting, desert dog, believed to be the oldest known breed of domesticated dog. Called also Gazelle hound, Persian greyhound.

saluresis [sal″u-re′sis] excretion of sodium and chloride in the urine.

saluretic [sal″u-ret′ik] 1. pertaining to saluresis. 2. an agent that promotes saluresis.

salutary [sal′u-tar″e] healthful.

salvage pathways energy-saving re-utilization of preformed constituents, often purine and pyrimidine compounds that would otherwise be lost to degradation.

salvage statistics [sal′vj] see salvage statistics.

Salvation Jane Echium plantagineum.

salve [sav] ointment.

Salvelinus genus of farmed finfish in family Salmonidae. Includes S. fontinalis (brook trout, splake), S. namaycush (splake, lake trout).

Salvia [sal′ve-] a genus of the plant family Lamiaceae.

S. coccinea an unidentified toxin causes abortion, diarrhea, recumbency. Called also S. lineata, red salvia, blood sage.

S. reflexa has a high nitrate content and causes nitrate–nitrite poisoning in ruminants. Called also mintweed.

Samanea saman a tropical tree in the family Mimosaceae; pods contain an unidentified toxin that has caused an azoturia-like syndrome in mares. Called also Pithecolobium saman, rain tree, guango, zamang.

samarium (Sm) [s-mar′e-m] a chemical element, atomic number 62, atomic weight 150.35. See Table 4.

sambar (Rusa unicolor) a large deer, native to South and Southeast Asia and introduced in the USA, Australia and New Zealand. They are a dark color with white under that tile and have antlers of three or four tines.

S-10 : Samoyed.

Sambucus [sam-boo′kus] coarse bushes, members of the family Sambucaceae; contains toxic oil which causes diarrhea; sometimes also causes cyanide poisoning. Called also elder. Includes S. canadensis, S. ebulus (danewort, dwarf elder), S. nigra (common elder), S. pubens.

SAMe S-adenosylmethionine.

samore trypanosomiasis; called also nagana.

Samoyed a medium-sized dog characterized by a very thick, straight, white or cream-colored coat that stands out from the body, with brown eyes and black-rimmed eyelids and lip margins. It is said to have a ‘smiling expression’. The ears are erect and the tail, with profuse haircoat, is curled over the back. The breed is predisposed to hemophilia, congenital heart defects and familial renal disease.

sample [sam′pl] 1. a specimen of fluid, blood or tissue collected for analysis on the assumption that it represents the composition of the whole. 2. for statistical purposes a small collection of individual units taken from the population which is under investigation on the assumption that they represent the characteristics of the entire population.

EPSEM s. acronym for ‘equal opportunity of selection method’.

grab s. 1. sample of greasy wool taken at random by a special machine from each bale on the sale floor. Buyers price the bale on the basis of the appearance of the grab sample and the objective measurements. 2. term also used for random (grab) sampling of other materials, such as grain, feed, etc.

multi-stage random s. with very large populations itmay be desirable to arrange the data into groups on one criterion, e.g. address by area of postcode, and to select randomly from within this group, then select from within this sample to obtain randomly a representative number of specimens, such as dogs of each age group.

random s. the selection from a population of the units which are to constitute the sample of that population is made in such a way that each unit of the population has an equal chance of being selected. Called also simple random sample.

simple random s. see random sample (above).

stratified random s. the data is arranged into subsets or strata based on the possession of certain characteristics which are common to the members of the subset. The selection of units to comprise the sample of the parent population is arranged so that the proportional representation of each subset in the final sample fits a prearranged schedule.

volunteer s. sample donated by interested parties; a biased sample because it does not represent all sections of the population. Called also self-selection.

sampling [sam′pling] the process of selecting a sample.

area s. dividing the population into equal areas and randomly selecting from among the areas.

cluster s. when the population to be sampled exists in clusters, e. g. herds, sampling can be done by random selection between the herds. This assumes that each cluster is a homogeneous group.

s. fraction ratio of the number of units in the population to the number of units in the population.

s. frame the names of the component parts of the population from which the sample is to be collected.

quota s. the sections of the population, e.g. milking cows, dry cows, yearlings, calves are represented in the sample in the same proportion as they exist in the population.

stratified s. a simple random selection is performed in each stratum of those created in order to permit a different sampling percentage to be used in each stratum.

systematic s. the sampling is random but the samples are drawn systematically, say every third unit, the first unit also being chosen randomly.

two-stage s. an example of multi-stage sampling. The first sampling is of large groups, e.g. herds, then a second-stage sampling is carried out within herds, e.g. sire families, with possibly a third stage, of individual cows within the sire families.

s. units individual members of a population. It is often difficult to define exactly what is a unit because of the design of the study.

s. variation the variation that occurs between samples of the one population. A measure of the random error of the sampling technique used.

San Joaquin Valley fever the primary form of coccidioidomycosis.

San Miguel sea lion virus disease a disease of sea lions, caused by a calicivirus, genus Vesivirus, that is transmissible to swine inwhich it causes a disease indistinguishable from vesicular exanthema of swine. Vesicular lesions of the skin and mucosae, abortion, pneumonia and encephalitis are associatedwith the infection in sea lions. Related viruses have been recovered from other pinniped species.

sanative [san′-tiv] curative; healing. Said of trypanocidal drugs used between long courses of more popular drugs in order to avoid the development of resistance to those drugs by the trypanosomes.

sanatory [san′-tor″e] salubrious.

Sancassania berlessei a mite of stored products occasionally infests sheep.

sand [sand] 1. material occurring in fine, gritty particles loose in the body. 2. geological sand is ingested by animals, especially horses, grazing on very sandy soil. The animals may take in large amounts and this accumulates in the large sacs of the alimentary tract, the reticulum of the cow and the cecum and colon in horses. Sand or dust storms, or volcanic dust fallout may produce a similar, acute situation.

s. colic see sand colic.

s. enteritis acute sand ingestion may cause enteritis with severe, sometimes fatal diarrhea. See also enteritis.

s. rash irritation and weeping of the toe webbing in racing Greyhounds causing lameness. Caused usually by racing in sand.

s. toe Greyhounds racing in sand suffer impaction of sand under the coronary band, causing lameness, mostly in the inner and outer toes of the hind paws.

uterine s. see uterine sand.

sand twin leaf Zygophyllum ammophilum.

sandbags small sacks containing sand used to support an anesthetized animal in dorsal recumbency and prevent it from rolling sideways during anesthesia or surgery.

sandbath, sand roll a stall covered with deep sand used for horses to roll in after exercise.

sandcrack [sand′krak] vertical cracks in the hoof that commence at the coronet and run parallel to the horn tubules and towards the toe. Are serious defects because they indicate an injury to the coronet and a possible extension to the sole.

sandfly [sand′fli] Phlebotomus spp. Culicoides, Simulium and Austrosimulium spp. are also called sandflies in some countries. Called also owl midges.

s. zieria Zieria smithii.

S-11 : Sandcrack in horse’s hoof.

From Knottenbelt DC, Pascoe RR, Diseases and Disorders of the Horse. Saunders, 2003.

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Tags: Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary

Jul 18, 2016 | Posted by admin in PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS | Comments Off

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