Radiographic Anatomy of the Axial Skeleton



Radiographic Anatomy of the Axial Skeleton


James E. Smallwood


Kathy A. Spaulding


To use the roentgen sign method of recognizing abnormal radiographic findings effectively, an understanding of normal radiographic anatomy for the specific area of interest is necessary. Within the space constraints of a comprehensive veterinary radiology text, this chapter provides a limited reference for the radiographic anatomy of the axial skeleton. For more detailed information, readers are referred to comprehensive texts on radiographic anatomy.1,2,2 The radiographic nomenclature used in this chapter was approved by the American College of Veterinary Radiology in 1983.4



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Fig. 6-1 Left-Right Lateral Radiograph of Canine Head.

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Fig. 6-2 Intraoral Dorsoventral Radiograph of Canine Nasal Cavity.

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Fig. 6-3 Rostrodorsal-Caudodorsal Oblique Radiograph of Canine Frontal Sinuses.

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Fig. 6-4 Rostroventral-Caudodorsal Oblique (Open-Mouth) Radiograph of Canine Tympanic Bullae.

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Fig. 6-5 Left Ventral/Right Dorsal Oblique Radiograph of Canine Superior Teeth.

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Fig. 6-6 Left Ventral/Right Dorsal Oblique Radiograph of Canine Superior Teeth.

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Fig. 6-7 Left-Right Lateral Radiograph of Canine Cervical Vertebrae.

1. Lateral vertebral foramina (left and right) of atlas; emergence of cervical nerve 1


2. Dorsal arch of atlas (C1)


3. Spinous process of axis (C2)


4. Synovial joints between articular processes of C2 and C3


5. Spinous process of C3


6. Caudal articular processes of C3


7. Spinous process of C4


8. Vertebral canal of C4


9. Spinous process of C5


10. Spinous process of C6


11. Spinous process of C7


12. Trachea


13. Expanded ventral laminae of transverse processes of C6


14. Cranial extremity (head) of C6


15. Caudal physis of C5


16. Caudal extremity (fossa) of C4


17. Body of C4


18. Transverse processes of C4


19. Cranial articular processes of C4


20. Intervertebral foramina between C2 and C3


21. Intervertebral space (disk) between C2 and C3


22. Endotracheal tube


23. Wings (transverse processes) of atlas


24. Ventral tubercle of atlas


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Fig. 6-8 Ventrodorsal Radiograph of Canine Cervical Vertebrae.

1. Left occipital condyle


2. Dens of axis


3. Atlantoaxial joint


4. Spinous process of axis


5. Left thyrohyoid bone


6. Left transverse process of axis


7. Tracheal cartilages


8. Left transverse process of C3


9. Left caudal articular process of C3


10. Left cranial articular process of C4


11. Left transverse process of C4


12. Left transverse process of C5


13. Left transverse process of C6


14. Left transverse process of C7


15. Spinous process of T1


16. Spinous process of C7

Related posts:

  1. Principles of Radiographic Interpretation of the Abdomen
  2. The Diaphragm
  3. The Equine Metacarpal and Metatarsal Regions
  4. The Peritoneal Space

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May 27, 2016 | Posted by in ANIMAL RADIOLOGY | Comments Off on Radiographic Anatomy of the Axial Skeleton

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