Q

Q


Q abbreviation for ubiquinone (CoQ).


Q cycle cycle in which electrons are transferred from QH2 to cytochrome c and protons are transported into the mitochondrial intermembrane space via complex III of the electron transport chain.


q symbol for (1) the long arm of a chromosome or (2) the frequency of the rarer allele of a pair.


Q banding a laboratory technique for staining a karyotype with quinacrine dye.


q.d. [L.] quaque die (every day); once daily.


Q fever [ku fe′vimager] (query fever) an infection of most animal species, including humans, and some birds. It is caused by Coxiella burnetii and spread by inhalation, especially of inspissated reproductive exudates, and by ticks, and by the ingestion of raw infected milk. The disease is inapparent in most infected animals but can cause abortion in sheep and goats, and probably cattle. Called also Queensland fever. A disease notifiable to the OIE (see Table 12).


QBC 1. quantitative buffy coat. 2. quantitative blood count.


q.h. [L.] quaque hora (every hour).


Qi [che] in acupuncture terms this is the ’life force’; it is the source of all movement within the body, the protection against invasion of the body, the source of all metabolic activity, provides for the holding of tissues and components in place, maintaining body temperature and for the circulation of nourishment in the blood-stream. See also Wei qi.


q.i.d. [L.] quater in die (four times a day).


Qinchuan cattle red or yellow Chinese draft cattle with a cervical hump.


q.q.h. [L.] quaque quarta hora (every 4 hours).


QRS complex, QRS wave a group of waves depicted on an electrocardiogram; it actually consists of three distinct waves created by the passage of the cardiac electrical impulse through the ventricles and occurs at the beginning of each contraction of the ventricles. In a normal electrocardiogram the R wave is the most prominent of the three; the Q and S waves may be extremely weak and sometimes are absent.


q.s. [L.] quantum satis (a sufficient amount).


qt quart.


QT interval the portion of an electrocardiogram between the onset of the Q wave and the end of the T wave, representing the total time for ventricular depolarization and repolarization.


quack [kwak] slang for a person who misrepresents his/her qualifications as a veterinarian, and therefore ability and experience in diagnosis and treatment of animal disease or the effects to be achieved by the treatment. Refers usually to a person without any qualifications who practices in breach of the local veterinary regulations and is liable to a heavy fine as a result.



quackery [kwak′imagef-e] the practice or methods of a quack.


quadrangular [kwod-rang′gu-limager] having four angles.


quadrant [kwod′rimagent] 1. one-quarter of the circumference of a circle. 2. one of four corresponding parts, or quarters, as of the surface of the abdomen or of the field of vision.


quadrate [kwod′rāt] square or squared.


quadr(i)- word element. [L.] four.


quadriceps [kwod′rimage-seps] having four heads; refers to quadriceps muscle. See also Table 13.


q. reflex see patellar reflex.


quadrigemina the corpora quadrigemina.


quadrigeminal [kwod“rimage-jemĩ-nimagel] fourfold; in four parts; forming a group of four.


quadrilateral [kwod″rimage-lat’imager-imagel] having four sides.


quadrilocular [kwod″ri-lok′u-limager] having four cavities.


quadripara [kwod-rip′image-rimage] a female which has had four pregnancies that resulted in viable offspring; para IV.


quadripartite [kwod″rimage-pahr′tīt] divided into four.


quadriplegia [kwod″rimage-ple′jimage] paralysis of all four limbs; tetraplegia. Indicative of spinal cord injury in the upper cervical area. May be acute or gradual in onset depending on the nature of the lesion.


hereditary amblyopia with q. see hereditary amblyopia with quadriplegia.


quadrisect [kwod′rimage-sekt] to cut into four parts.


quadritubercular [kwod″rimage-too-bur′ku-limager] having four tubercles or cusps.


quadrivalent [kwod″rimage-va’limagent] having a valence of four.


quadruped [kwod′roo-pimaged] four-footed; an animal having four feet. See also biped, tetrapod.


quadruplet [kwod-roo p′limaget] one of four offspring produced at one birth. Said of species that normally have single births.


quagga an extinct member of the family Equidae which was characterized by stripes like a zebra but only on the head and neck.


quail a small, gallinaceous, insectivorous game bird, gray-brown with black, white and yellow spots. They are poor flyers but migrate long distances annually and reproduce at a high rate. The common species is the common quail, Coturnix coturnix. In North America the native quail is the bobwhite (Colinus virginianus).


q. bronchitis caused by an adenovirus in captive or freeliving bob- white quail, manifested by coughing, sneezing, lacrimation and conjunctivitis but usually without nasal discharge. Morbidity is usually 100% in young birds where the mortality may also be high.


q. disease see ulcerative enteritis.


qualimeter an early instrument for measuring the penetrating power of X-rays; penetrometer.


qualitative [kwahlĩ-ta″tiv] pertaining to observations of a categorical nature, e.g. nominal data such as breed, sex, or ordinal, such as sucking calf, weaned calf, heifer, adult cow.


q. data data measured on a categorical scale.


q. trait see qualitative trait.


quality purity of contents, care in presentation and finish of a product.


q. of life generally regarded as the balance between pleasant and unpleasant factors and experiences as they apply to an animal’s physical and mental state. A term used in discussions of euthanasia or intensive treatment.


protein q. relates to the content and balance of amino acids in the protein. A good quality protein contains the amino acids in the correct proportions required by the specific animal species.


radiographic q. depends on the correct positioning of the subject part, good contrast, clear image due to good detail and absence of artifacts.


quantile [kwahn′tīl] division of a total into equal subgroups; includes terciles, quartiles, quintiles, deciles, percentiles.


quantimeter [kwahn-tim′image-timager] an instrument for measuring the quantity of X-rays generated by a Coolidge tube. The first hot-cathode tube.


quantitative [kwahn′timage-ta“tiv] pertaining to observations of a numerical kind, e.g. 50 kg, 2 m, 24 hands.


q. characters features of animal productivity or performance which can be measured quantitatively.


q. data numerical data.


q. inheritance genetic transmission of phenotypes which are quantitative and continuous.


q. trait see quantitative trait.


quantity [kwahn′timage-te] 1. a characteristic, as of energy or mass, susceptible of precise physical measurement. 2. a measurable amount.


quantivalence valence (1).


quantum [kwahn′timagem] pl. quanta [L.] an elemental unit of energy; the amount emitted or absorbed at each step when energy is emitted or absorbed by atoms or molecules.


q. theory radiation and absorption of energy occur in quantities (quanta) which vary in size with the frequency of the radiation.


quarantine [kwor′imagen-tēn, kwahr′imagen-tēn] 1. a place or period of detention of ships or aircraft coming from infected or suspected ports. 2. restrictions placed on entering or leaving premises or regions where a case of communicable disease exists or is suspected.


q. station a government institution which houses animals or people that have to serve out a mandatory period of quarantine because they have come from an infected port or been exposed to, or affected by, one or more exotic diseases.


quarrian see cockatiel.


quart (qt) [kwort] one-quarter of a gallon or 2 pints. The Imperial quart is 1136.5 mL (1.1365 L) and the American quart is 946 mL (0.946 L).


quartan [kwor′timagen] 1. recurring in 4-day cycles (every third day). 2. a variety of intermittent fever of which the paroxysms recur on every third day.


quarter [kwor′timager] 1. hindquarter. 2. lateral or medial sides of the wall of the hoof of the horse. 3. one of the four individual glands in the udder of a cow.


black q. see blackleg.


blind q. a quarter in the udder of a lactating cow that does not produce any milk when the other quarters are doing so. Caused usually by a prior attack of mastitis.


q. crack crack in the lateral or medial wall of the hoof, beginning at the coronet. Usually cause no lameness.


false q. a condition of the horse’s hoof in which a serious injury to the coronet causes an overgrowth of horn which overlaps the normal wall.


hoof q. side of the hoof.


q. infection rate percentage of udder quarters at risk in a herd found to be infected with mastitis-causing bacteria by bacteriological examination of quarter samples of milk. May be as low as 10% in herds utilizing a full mastitis control program. See also mastitis infection rate.


q. marks designs made in the haircoat of a horse by grooming the hair in a direction the reverse of its normal growth pattern.


plain q’s. a horse with fat, rounded hindquarters resembling those of a pig.


q. sheet an item of horse clothing; a lightweight half blanket covering the horse from the girth to the tail.


Quarter horse [kwor′timager] an American light horse of compact build and muscular hindquarters, about 15.2 hands high, often chestnut but any solid color. It originated from Thoroughbred and Criollo. Primarily a cattle horse but also used in short sprint races.


cropout Q. h. foals born to registered Quarter horse parents that have too much white to qualify for registration with the American Quarter Horse Association.


quartile [kwor′tīl] one of the values establishing the division of a series of variables into fourths, or the range of items included in such a segment.


quartipara [kwor-tip′image-rimage] quadripara.


quasi-species [quah″ze-spe′sēz] a term used to describe a cluster (or cloud or swarm) of variant viruses that arise from mutations over time within a viral isolate, even a cloned isolate. Seen particularly with RNA viruses because of the inherently high mutation rate caused by copy errors during replication by RNA- dependent RNA polymerase and the absence of proof-reading in RNA replication.


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Jul 18, 2016 | Posted by in PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS | Comments Off on Q

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