Pulmonary Fibrosis, Multinodular

Pulmonary Fibrosis, Multinodular



Basic Information image



Definition


Multinodular pulmonary fibrosis (MPF) is a respiratory disease of adult horses that is characterized by interstitial and nodular pulmonary infiltrates of collagen and inflammatory cells. It has been associated with equine herpesvirus-5 (EHV-5).



Epidemiology



Species, Age, Sex


Affects adults



Contagion and Zoonosis




• Despite the association with EHV-5, there have been no clusters of MPF reported, suggesting that it is minimally to noncontagious.


• EHV-5 is not known to be zoonotic.



Clinical Presentation



History, Chief Complaint


Horses with MPF typically have a history of respiratory distress, tachypnea, cough, increased rectal temperature, and chronic weight loss with hyporexia.



Physical Exam Findings




• Affected animals are usually thin and have an increased respiratory rate (20–30 breaths/min), mild to moderate tachycardia, and rectal temperatures up to 105° F.


• Thoracic auscultation may reveal either loud bronchovesicular sounds or widely dispersed crackles and wheezes.



Etiology and Pathophysiology


The cause of MPF has not been fully elucidated. However, EHV-5 was obtained from the bronchoalveolar (BAL) fluid or biopsies of all cases included in a recently published series and is found only rarely in unaffected horses. Despite this strong association, a causative relationship has not yet been established.



Diagnosis image



Differential Diagnosis




• Infectious lung disease such as bacterial, viral, or fungal pneumonia. In addition to bacterial pleuropneumonia, these include diseases such as EHV-1 and -4, blastomycosis, coccidiomycosis, histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis


• Inflammatory disease such as recurrent airway obstruction (“heaves”)


• Toxicoses, including inhaled toxins (silicosis, various gases) as well as systemically ingested substances such as perilla mint


• Neoplastic disease, including primary tumors of the respiratory tract or, more commonly, distant metastases


• Other forms of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Pulmonary Fibrosis, Multinodular

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