Polyarthritis and Polysynovitis

Polyarthritis and Polysynovitis



Basic Information image



Definition


Inflammation of multiple joints



Synonym(s)




• Nonerosive polyarthritis


• Idiopathic immune-mediated polysynovitis



Epidemiology



Species, Age, Sex


A sporadic disease (or group of diseases) with either no obvious epidemiologic associations or secondary to lupus or chest infections



Associated Conditions and Disorders




• Lupus erythematosus–like syndrome


• May be associated with infections in the respiratory or digestive tracts or with concomitant tumors



Clinical Presentation



Disease Forms/Subtypes




• Noninfectious polyarthritis


• Polyarthritis in foals in association with a lupuslike syndrome


• Polyarthritis in foals in association with a thoracic lesion, gastroenteritis, or a tumor



History, Chief Complaint




• Difficulty walking; disease of sudden onset


• Multiple swollen joints involving all four limbs


• Fever


• Weakness and lethargy


• Inappetence



Physical Exam Findings




• Joint pain and swelling


• Fever


• Synovial sheaths, including tendon sheaths and bursae, may be affected.


• Many of these animals have a lesion within the thorax, especially with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia.


• Some may have gastroenteritis; others have a neoplasm.



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• Probably immune mediated, but its cause is unknown.


• Many of these cases are associated with a focus of infection elsewhere in the body.


• This reactive arthritis may be associated with coincident gastrointestinal (GI), pulmonary, or neoplastic disease.


• It is possible that immune complexes originating in the lungs or other inflammatory foci may lodge in the synovia to trigger the synovitis.


• The polyarthritis usually resolves as the primary lesion resolves.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Polyarthritis and Polysynovitis

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