Pneumonia, Parasitic

Pneumonia, Parasitic

Basic Information image

Definition

Parasitic pneumonia in horses has two syndromes, primary lungworm infection (Dictyocaulus arnfieldi) and parasite migration through the lung.

Epidemiology

Species, Age, Sex

• Equine lungworm (D. arnfieldi): Donkeys are thought to be the natural host. The prevalence of infection is reported at 68% to 80% in donkeys, 2% to 11% in horses, and 29% in mules.

• Pulmonary parasite migration: Usually affects foals and weanlings.

Genetics and Breed Predisposition

No genetic or breed predisposition for either syndrome has been identified.

Risk Factors

• Equine lungworm: Housing with infected donkeys or mules increases potential exposure.

• Pulmonary parasite migration: Inadequate deworming, crowding, and poor sanitation all predispose to parasite infections.

Contagion and Zoonosis

• Equine lungworm: Infections in donkeys and mules are patent and often asymptomatic, serving as reservoirs of infection. Horse-to-horse transmission is also thought to be possible.

• Pulmonary parasite migration: Disease occurs through ingestion of contaminated feces.

Geography and Seasonality

Similar to any parasitic infection, transmission is less likely during cold weather.

Associated Conditions and Disorders

• Secondary bacterial pneumonia may occur with both syndromes.

• Intestinal parasitism may be seen along with pulmonary parasite migration.

Clinical Presentation

History, Chief Complaint

• History

image Cohabitation with donkeys or mules (lungworm infection).
image History of insufficient anthelmintic therapy

• Chief complaint

image Respiratory signs (cough, nasal discharge, increased respiratory effort)
image Weight loss
image Pneumonia unresponsive to antibiotics

Physical Exam Findings

• Cough

• Nasal discharge

• Abnormal tracheal auscultation

• Abnormal lung auscultation (crackles and wheezes)

• Increased expiratory effort

• Poor body condition (associated with intestinal parasite involvement)

Etiology and Pathophysiology

• Equine lungworm

image D. arnfieldi larvae are the causative agent.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Pneumonia, Parasitic

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