Pneumonia, Neonatal

Pneumonia, Neonatal



Basic Information image



Definition


Inflammatory disease of the lungs characterized in neonates most commonly as infectious in nature



Epidemiology



Species, Age, Sex


Neonates of any age



Risk Factors




• Failure of passive transfer


• Weak suckle reflex


• Dysphagia


• Cleft palate



Associated Conditions and Disorders


Cleft palate



Clinical Presentation




• History, chief complaint


• Milk from nose after nursing, coughing while nursing


• Lethargy, tachypnea, nasal discharge



Physical Exam Findings




• Fever (>102.5° F), increased respiratory rate and effort, wheezes, squeaks on thoracic auscultation, or decreased lung sounds for the degree of effort exerted


• Absence of abnormal lung sounds does not rule out pneumonia.



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• Aspiration pneumonia (bacterial): Common in weak, premature, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathic foals; also common in bottle-fed foals; meconium aspiration can occur during dystocia; cleft palate anomaly will result in dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia.


• Hematogenous pneumonia (bacterial): A form of localized infection that occurs secondary to sepsis


• Viral pneumonia: equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1), EHV-4, equine influenza, and equine viral arteritis occur less commonly than bacterial pneumonia.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Pneumonia, Neonatal

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