Phosphorus

Phosphorus



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Definition




• Hyperphosphatemia: Increased phosphorous concentration in the blood


• Normophosphatemia: Normal phosphorous concentration in the blood


• Hypophosphatemia: Decreased phosphorous concentration in the blood



Typical Normal Range (US Units; SI Units)


3.1 to 5.6 mEq/L; 1.00 to 1.81 mmol/L



Physiology


Organic phosphorous is found intracellularly, primarily as phospholipid. Inorganic phosphorous is found extracellularly complexed with cations and bound to protein. Phosphorous is primarily found in the skeleton bound to calcium as hydroxyapatite. It is the primary form of energy storage and transfer of adenosine triphosphate, adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate. Phosphorous in the extracellular fluid exists as a buffer pair H2PO4– and HPO42- and plays a role in acid base balance. It is regulated by dietary factors, active metabolites of vitamin D, parathormone, and calcitonin. It is absorbed in the small and large intestines and reabsorbed/excreted by the kidneys.



Causes of Abnormally High Levels




• Decreased urinary excretion: Decreased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) due to dehydration, acute renal failure, uroperitoneum, hypoparathyroidism


• Increased absorption: Increased ingestion, hypervitaminosis D, ischemic intestinal lesions


• Intracellular (ICF) to extracellular fluid (ECF) shift: Endurance exercise, acute rhabdomyolysis, hemolysis, tumor necrosis


• Other: Lactic acidosis

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Phosphorus

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