Papillary and Chordoid Meningioma in the Dog: Morphological Findings and Histological Grading



Fig. 11.1
Twelve-year-old female Siberian Husky dog (left panel). Retrobulbar papillary meningioma. a The neoplastic tissue is characterized by a perivascular papillary pattern (H&E, Bar = 100 μm). Sixteen-year-old female mixed-breed dog (right panel). Spinal chordoid meningioma (C2). b The neoplastic cells are typically arranged in cords enmeshed in an abundant mucinous matrix (H&E, Bar = 20 μm)



Histologically, CM consisted of polyhedral to spindle-shaped bipolar cells, and multipolar cells, arranged in cords and nests enmeshed in a weakly basophilic mucinous matrix (Fig. 11.1). Sometimes, the neoplastic cells showed abundant cytoplasmic vacuolizations. Anisokaryosis and anisocytosis were moderate to marked. Two cases showed severe cellular atypia (high N/C ratio, irregular or vesicular nuclei, and macronucleoli). The mitotic index was low in two cases (<4 mitoses/10 HPF) and high in the remaining two cases (25–30 mitoses/10 HPF). In two cases, the prevalent chordoid pattern was associated with meningothelial and microcystic areas. Foci of spontaneous necrosis were detected in three cases. Based on the criteria applied in human histological grading, two CM were considered grade I, and the remaining two cases were grade III. Infiltration of the spinal cord was not detected in any case. The proliferative index ranged from 19 to 28 mitoses/10 HPF in grade I CM and from 200 to 381 mitoses/10 HPF grade III tumors.



11.4 Discussion


PM is a rare histological variant of human beings and dogs. In humans, this tumor represents 1.0–2.5 % of all meningiomas and tends to affect younger patients, including children (Russel et al. 1989). Because of its high invasiveness of the brain, recurrence, and metastasis rate, PM is considered grade III in man (Perry et al. 2007). PM has been reported in dogs by Schulman et al. (1992), Summers et al. (1995), and Kaldrymidou et al. (2008), and it is currently included in the group of benign meningiomas in the histological classification of CNS tumors of domestic animals (WHO) (Koestner et al. 1999). In the present study, canine PM presented histological features reported in the human form. However, the tumor did not affect young patients. Dogs older than 7 years were the most affected, in line with the average age of onset for canine meningiomas (Patnaik et al. 1986). Applying the morphological parameters used in grading of human meningiomas (WHO), in our study, PMs were characterized by moderate histological malignancy consistent with grades I and II. Moreover, they occurred mainly in the brain, occasionally associated with brain invasion, as documented in two cases. This tumor showed foci of spontaneous necrosis and neutrophilic inflammation. The proliferation index ranged from low to medium in line with the mitotic index detected by routine histological examination.

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Sep 17, 2016 | Posted by in GENERAL | Comments Off on Papillary and Chordoid Meningioma in the Dog: Morphological Findings and Histological Grading

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