Osteoarthritis, Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (Ringbone)

Osteoarthritis, Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (Ringbone)



Basic Information image



Definition


A progressive and permanent deterioration of the articular cartilage of the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint accompanied by changes in the bone and soft tissue of the joint, including subchondral bone sclerosis and marginal osteophyte formation.



Synonym(s)




• High ringbone


• Osteoarthritis



Epidemiology



Species, Age, Sex


Increasing prevalence with age



Risk Factors




• Poor conformation (short upright pasterns)


• Selective excessive weight bearing because of contralateral limb injury


• Osteochondrosis or subchondral cystic lesions


• Athletic activity that requires quick stops and hard turns



Clinical Presentation



History, Chief Complaint


Mild to severe lameness



Physical Exam Findings




• Variable enlargement of the pastern region; heat and pain on palpation


• Lameness that is exacerbated at the trot by circling, joint flexion tests, or work on a slope


• Limited range of motion



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• See “Osteoarthritis” in this section


• Osteochondrosis in young horses


• Trauma


• Selective weight bearing


• Septic arthritis


• Conformational defects


• Each of the above lead to damage of the articular cartilage and joint inflammation.


• A catabolic imbalance results with chondrocytes unable to replace degraded extracellular matrix.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Osteoarthritis, Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (Ringbone)

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