74 No attempt to urinate
INTRODUCTION
No attempt to urinate results in urine retention. Overflow of urine may occur but the bladder does not fully empty. In time, a sacral reflex may initiate urination involuntarily but emptying will be incomplete and poorly coordinated with sphincter relaxation. Normal residual volume post-urination is usually less than 10 ml. Affected animals have palpably distended bladders. Ease of expression depends on the sphincter tone. Causes include:
• Cannot perceive bladder distension: lesions of the cerebrum, spinal cord, pelvic nerve or sacral segments (S1–3)
• Cannot contract bladder: lesion of the detrusor muscle, pelvic nerve, sacral cord, or dysautonomia
• Can perceive bladder distension and can contract bladder wall but is recumbent and cannot assume posture, so will not urinate.
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