Neuroanatomy by Dissection

CHAPTER 2 Neuroanatomy by Dissection



TRANSVERSE BRAIN SECTIONS

The neuroanatomic components of this textbook are based on and complement the dissection of the nervous system described in Guide to the Dissection of the Dog by H. E. Evans and A. de Lahunta (ed 6, Philadelphia, 2004, Elsevier). The peripheral nerves are described and dissected along with the regions of the body in which they are found. The dissection of the brain and spinal cord is found in the last section, titled “Nervous System.” The split head of the embalmed dog used for the dissection of the entire dog is also used to demonstrate the blood vessels and meninges. A separate entire preserved dog brain is provided to each group of students for the dissection. The spinal cord can be dissected on the embalmed dogs or presented as prosections. On completion of the brain dissection, an additional preserved domestic animal brain is provided to each group for the study of the transverse sections.


In the Cornell curriculum this dissection is performed simultaneously with lectures and discussions of nervous system development, cerebrospinal fluid, and malformations, including hydrocephalus, which are the subjects of Chapters 3 and 4 of this book.


The nomenclature used in this third edition, as in Guide to the Dissection of the Dog, adheres to that published in the fifth edition of Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria in 2005, unless otherwise stated.



TRANSVERSE BRAIN SECTIONS


The following transverse brain sections in Figs. 2-2 through 2-17 are arranged from rostral to caudal through the brain at irregular intervals, as indicated on the drawings in Fig. 2-1. In these sections the white matter has been stained and appears black, whereas the gray matter is relatively unstained.


image

Figure 2-1 Dorsal and left lateral views of the brainstem, indicating the approximate levels of the following transverse sections.


Figs. 2-18 through 2-33 are transverse plane (axial) proton density MR images of a normal adult dog for comparison with Figs. 2-2 through 2-17. The images are 2 mm thick, but to select those that best demonstrate the anatomic features, the intervals between images vary.


image

Figure 2-18


1 Olfactory bulb

image

Figure 2-19


1 Optic nerve

2 Olfactory peduncle

3 Frontal lobe

image

Figure 2-20


1 Optic nerve

2 Longitudinal cerebral fissure

3 Genu corpus callosum

4 Internal capsule

image

Figure 2-21


1 Third ventricle

2 Lentiform nucleus

3 Rostral commissure

4 Body of fornix at bend to columns of fornix

5 Caudate nucleus

6 Internal capsule

7 Lateral ventricle

8 Corpus callosum

9 Centrum semiovale

10 Cingulum in cingulate gyrus

11 Falx cerebri

image

Figure 2-22


1 Pituitary gland

2 Amygdaloid body in piriform lobe

3 Optic tract

4 Thalamus

5 Caudate nucleus

6 Lateral ventricle

7 Third ventricle

8 Hypothalamus

9 Interthalamic adhesion

10 Body of fornix

11 Corpus callosum

12 Internal capsule

13 Centrum semiovale

image

Figure 2-23


1 Cerebral arterial circle

2 Mamillary bodies

3 Optic tract

4 Third ventricle

5 Hypothalamus

6 Thalamus

7 Interthalamic adhesion

8 Body of fornix

9 Amygdaloid body in piriform lobe

10 Thalamocortical fibers

11 Caudate nucleus

12 Lateral ventricle

13 Corpus callosum

14 Internal capsule

15 Centrum semiovale

16 Cingulum in cingulate gyrus

17 Falx cerebri

18 Stria habenularis thalami

image

Figure 2-24


1 Parahippocampal gyrus

2 Hippocampus

3 Lateral ventricle

4 Third ventricle, caudal part

5 Thalamus

6 Crus of fornix

7 Choroid plexus in lateral ventricle

8 Internal capsule, just rostral to cruscerebri

9 Thalamocortical fibers

10 Subarachnoid space

11 Corpus callosum

12 Trigeminal nerve

image

Figure 2-25


1 Crus cerebri

2 Mesencephalic tegmentum

3 Mesencephalic aqueduct

4 Subarachnoid space

5 Crus of fornix

6 Lateral ventricle

7 Substantia nigra

8 Hippocampus

9 Medial geniculate nucleus

10 Lateral geniculate nucleus

11 Falx cerebri

12 Pretectal nucleus

13 Trigeminal nerve

image

Figure 2-26


1 Transverse fibers of pons, rostral part

2 Crus cerebri at longitudinal fibers of pons

3 Mesencephalic tegmentum

4 Mesencephalic aqueduct

5 Rostral colliculus

6 Lateral ventricle

7 Subarachnoid space

8 Brachium of caudal colliculus

9 Hippocampus

10 Crus of fornix

11 Trigeminal nerve

image

Figure 2-27


1 Transverse fibers of pons

2 Longitudinal fibers of pons

3 Mesencephalic tegmentum

4 Mesencephalic aqueduct

5 Caudal colliculus

6 Commissure of caudal colliculus

7 Subarachnoid space

8 Tympanic bulla

9 Hippocampus

10 Lateral ventricle

11 Splenium of corpus callosum

image

Figure 2-28


1 Pyramid

2 Pontine tegmentum

3 Trigeminal nerve

4 Caudal colliculus

5 Rostral cerebellar vermis androstral medullary velum

6 Commissure of caudal colliculus

7 Fourth ventricle

8 Middle cerebellar peduncle

9 Rostral cerebellar peduncle

10 Trochlear nerve in rostral medullary velum

11 Subarachnoid space

12 Lateral ventricle

image

Figure 2-29


1 Pyramid

2 Rostral medulla

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Aug 26, 2016 | Posted by in INTERNAL MEDICINE | Comments Off on Neuroanatomy by Dissection

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