K

K



Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca image



AUTHOR: PHILLIP A. MOORE



EDITOR CHERYL L. CULLEN



BASIC INFORMATION image



DEFINITION


A common inflammatory condition of the cornea and conjunctiva secondary to a deficiency in the aqueous portion of the tear film



SYNONYMS


KCS, dry eye, quantitative tear film abnormality, xerophthalmia



EPIDEMIOLOGY



SPECIES, AGE, SEX



• Common in dogs; rare in cats

• Age of onset variable depending on underlying cause

• Increased predisposition reported for both castrated male and spayed female dogs and female West Highland white terrier


GENETICS & BREED PREDISPOSITION


Predisposed breeds (dogs): English bulldog, West Highland white terrier, Lhasa Apso, pug, American cocker spaniel, Pekingese, Yorkshire terrier, shih tzu, miniature schnauzer, Boston terrier, dachshund, Chihuahua, German shepherd, Doberman pinscher



RISK FACTORS



• Medications, metabolic disorders, and infectious diseases (see Etiology and Pathophysiology below)

• Removal of gland of the third eyelid

• Systemic immune-mediated disease (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus [see p. 1070])


CONTAGION & ZOONOSIS


Infectious causes (e.g., canine distemper; feline herpesvirus 1 [FHV-1]) are contagious.



ASSOCIATED CONDITIONS & DISORDERS


Conjunctivitis and ulcerative and nonulcerative keratitis



CLINICAL PRESENTATION



HISTORY, CHIEF COMPLAINT



• “Red” eye (p. 967)

• Ocular pain

• Mucoid to mucopurulent ocular discharge


PHYSICAL EXAM FINDINGS



• Systemic: generally unremarkable

• Ophthalmic:
○ Mucoid to mucopurulent ocular discharge

○ Conjunctival hyperemia and chemosis

○ Blepharospasm

○ Protrusion of the third eyelid

○ Dry/lackluster corneal appearance

○ Signs of keratitis with chronicity:
▪ Corneal vascularization (see p. 254)

▪ Corneal pigmentation (see p. 246)

▪ Corneal ulceration (see p. 250)

○ Blepharitis

○ Periocular dermatitis secondary to exudates and/or self-trauma

○ Vision impairment with chronic disease

• Cats often show fewer clinical signs than dogs.


ETIOLOGY AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGY



• Immune-mediated adenitis: most common (dogs)

• Congenital: lacrimal gland hypoplasia or aplasia

• Drug-induced: general or topical anesthesia and atropine (transient KCS)
< div class='tao-gold-member'>

Related posts:

  1. F
  2. T
  3. E
  4. K

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
Tags:
Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on K

Full access? Get Clinical Tree
Get Clinical Tree app for offline access