Joint Flush in the Neonate
Basic Information 
Indications
• Any joint with effusion and lameness in a neonate should have an arthrocentesis performed to determine if infection is present.
• If there are elevations in white blood cell count (especially if the polymorphonuclear cells are elevated) and total protein, the joint should be flushed and cultured.
• Joints should be flushed every other day until the lameness resolves.
Contraindications
• If properly performed, the only contraindication could be introduction of bacteria into the joint if inflamed tissue must be punctured to enter the joint.
• Although attempts should be made to avoid swollen tissues when performing arthrocentesis, this fear is thought to be overstated and delaying therapy is a greater risk.
Equipment, Anesthesia
• Short-term injectable anesthesia such as a combination of xylazine, duazeoan (Valium), and ketamine is recommended for joint flushes in foals. Sedation alone can result in inadvertent movement.
• Equipment required includes:
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