J

J


J symbol for joule.


J antigen the basis of the J blood group system in cattle.


J chain a small polypeptide that links (joins) monomeric components of IgM and IgA molecules; may be responsible for maintaining the polymeric form.


J genes genes coding for the J chain of IgM and IgA molecules. Also, gene segments present in multiple divergent copies, assembled with V and D gene segments in the process of immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor assembly, contribute to the diversity of these receptors.


J receptor see juxtacapillary receptor.


jaagsiekte [yahg-sēk’timage] [Af.] 1. see ovine pulmonary adenomatosis. 2. respiratory insufficiency syndrome in horses caused by bronchiolar hyperplasia induced by pyrrolizidine alkaloids from Crotalaria spp. in southern Africa; also reported from Australia; may or may not be associated with hepatic pyrrolzidine alkaloidosis. Term means ’panting sickness’ with reference to prominent lung lesions.


jaagsiektebossie Crotalaria dura, C. globifera.


jabot see frilled.


jack 1. male donkey; called a stallion in Great Britain. 2. see track leg.


j. colt male donkey less than 3 years of age.


mule j. one bred to mares for the production of mules.


Jack Dempsey (Rocio octofasciata) a brightly colored, popular aquarium fish named after an American boxer of the 1920s. A territorial and aggressive fish.


jack-in-the-pulpit see Arisaema.


Jack Russell terrier a small, very active dog, usually with a docked tail, and with a white coat with brown, lemon or black patches. In many countries, it is not a breed recognized by this name and there is considerable variation between the many types of dogs called Jack Russell or Parson Russell terriers, particularly in body size, length of legs, and texture and length of coat. In the UK, where they are recognized as separate breeds, the Jack Russell terrier is smaller than the Parson Russell terrier. The ’breed’ is affected by an inherited form of myasthenia gravis and a progressive ataxia.


jack sores see cutaneous habronemiasis.


jackal member of the family Canidae, standing midway between the fox and the wolf in size and habits. It is slender, long-legged with a pointed muzzle, has a disagreeable yapping voice, is nocturnal and hunts in packs. It is a predator and a scavenger. Includes Canis aureus, the oriental jackal, and C. mesomelas, the black-backed jackal.


jackrabbit see hare.


jacks see bone spavin.


Jackson Rees T-piece a modification of a T-piece anesthesia circuit in which the breathing bag is attached to the end of the expiratory limb.


Jackson technique [Jack’son] a method of ligating a patent ductus arteriosus that eliminates dissection around the medial side of the ductus.


jacksonian seizures [jak-so’ne-imagen] a form of seizures marked by clonic movements that start in one muscle group and spread systematically to adjacent groups. Called also marching seizures.


jackstones see silica urolith.


Jacobaea see Senecio.


jacobine [ja’ko-bin] a pyrrolizidine alkaloid found in the weed Senecio jacobea.


Jacob sheep [zhah-kōb’] an ornamental four-horned British sheep, which originally served a dual purpose. Spotted, dark brown on face.


Jacobson’s organ [ja’kimageb-simagens] vomeronasal organ.


Jafarabadi, Jaffarabadi a domestic Indian buffalo breed, used for dairying; usually black, with large drooping horns.


Jaffe reaction, Jaffe test [yah’fimage] see alkaline picrate test


jaguar (Panthera onca) a large, powerful cat in the family Felidae, native to Central and South America. It has a tawny yellow coat with black spots of irregular size and shape; occasionally, they may be all black.


jaguarundi (Puma yagouaroundi) a member of the family Felidae, native to southern US, Central and South America. They are slender, otter-like, with gray, black or reddish coat and no spots, except when very young. They are a protected species in the US.


Jakta slaughter see Sikh slaughter.


jalap [jal’ap] the dried root of Exogonium purga. A violent cathartic long since purged from the pages of pharmacology textbooks.


Jamaica black a breed of polled, black beef cattle bred in Jamaica from Aberdeen Angus and Zebu cattle.


Jamaica Brahman cattle bred up from Ongole, Hissar and Mysore zebus.


Jamaica hope a dairy breed produced in Jamaica from Jersey and Zebu breeds.


Jamaica red a red beef breed produced in Jamaica from Zebu, Red Poll and Devon cattle.


James fibers conduction fibers that originate in the atrial internodal tracts and pass to the ventriculum but bypass the AV node. Called also James accessory conduction.


Jamestown Canyon virus serotype of California group of viruses capable of causing equine encephalitis in horses.


Jamestown weed, Jamestown lily Datura stramonium; derived from Jamestown, Virginia.


Jamshidi biopsy needle a tubular needle with a cone-shaped tip with cutting edge used for obtaining a bone-marrow core.


janet [zhah-na’] a female mule.


janiceps [janĩ-seps] a conjoined twin with one head and two opposite faces.


Jansen retractor [Jan sen] a handheld retractor used in abdominal surgery.


januariebos Gnidia polycephala.


January disease version of East Coast Fever, occurring in Central Africa, caused by Theileria parva bovis transmitted by Rhipicephalus appendiculatus.


Japanese Akita Inu a breed recognized outside the US and Canada as separate from the American Akita. It is somewhat smaller and the breed standard is more restrictive in coloration. It is said to represent the traditional Japanese standards.


Japanese amberjack Seriola quinqueradiata.


Japanese black breed of cattle developed by crossing one of the indigenous breeds of Japanese cattle with European cattle. Black, homed (some polled), small, fine-boned; used principally for meat, some draft, occasionally milk. Similar breeds are Japanese brown, Japanese polled.


image

J-1 : Jacob sheep.


image

J-2 : Jamshidi bone marrow biopsy needle. From Taylor SM, Small Animal Clinical Techniques. Saunders, 2010.


Japanese bobtail a breed of cats with a very short tail which has a pompon or fluffy appearance. The coat is medium-length and comes in many colors.


Japanese brown cattle light grown to red-brown beef cattle bred from local cattle and Simmental and Devon.


Japanese chin a very small lively dog with a large, rounded head, very short muzzle, large eyes, profuse, long silky coat in black and white or red and white and a plumed tail carried over the back. Called also Japanese spaniel.


Japanese encephalitis (Je) see encephalitis.


Japanese encephalitis virus a member of the family Flaviviridae and transmitted by mosquitoes from asymptomatic avian reservoir hosts. A major cause of morbidity in humans and domestic animal species, particularly pigs, in which it causes abortion. See also Japanese encephalitis.


Japanese killifish see medaka.


Japanese pieris Pieris japonicum.


Japanese poll cattle polled black meat cattle formed by crossing native cattle with Angus.


Japanese river fever see scrub typhus.


Japanese Shiba inu a small, spitz-type dog with small eyes, erect ears and a dense, straight coat.


Japanese spaniel see Japanese chin.


Japanese spitz a small (13 lb), lively dog with a pointed muzzle, triangular-shaped, erect ears and a pure white coat, particularly thick on the neck, shoulders and tail.


jasmine Cestrum diurnum.


Jatropha [jat’ro-fimage] a genus of the plant family Euphorbiaceae; some plants contain irritant diterpenoid purgatives and cause diarrhea. Includes J. curcas (physic or purging nut), J. gossypifolia (bellyache bush), J. multifida (umbrella tree, coral bush), J. podagrica (coral plant), J. stimulosa (spurge nettle); some cause cyanide poisoning, e.g. J. multifida (umbrella tree, coral bush).


jaundice [jawn’dis] yellowness of skin, sclerae, mucous membranes, and excretions due to hyperbilirubinemia and deposition of bile pigments. Called also icterus. It is usually first noticeable in the sclera. The pigment causing jaundice is called bilirubin. It is derived from hemoglobin that is released when erythrocytes are hemolyzed and therefore is constantly being formed and introduced into the blood as worn-out or defective erythrocytes are destroyed by the body. Normally the liver cells absorb the bilirubin and secrete it along with other bile constituents. If the liver is diseased, or if the flow of bile is obstructed, or if destruction of erythrocytes is excessive, the bilirubin accumulates in the blood and eventually will produce jaundice. Determination of the concentration of bilirubin in the blood is of value in detecting elevated bilirubin concentrations at the earliest stages before jaundice appears, when liver disease or hemolytic anemia is suspected.


image

J-3 : Jaundice in a horse’s oral mucosa. From Knottenbelt DC, Pascoe RR, Diseases and Disorders of the Horse. Saunders, 2003.


acholuric j. jaundice without bilirubinemia, associated with elevated unconjugated bilirubin that is not excreted by the kidney.


cholestatic j. that resulting from abnormality of bile flow in the liver.


hematogenous j. hemolytic jaundice.


hemolytic j. jaundice associated with hemolytic anemia in which most of the bilirubin is unconjugated. Called also retention jaundice, prehepatic jaundice.


hemorrhagic j. leptospirosis.


hepatocellular j. jaundice caused by injury to or disease of the liver cells.


j. index see icterus index.


nonhemolytic j. that due to an abnormality in bilirubin metabolism.


obstructive j. that due to blockage of the flow of bile, resulting in conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Called also regurgitation jaundice.


overproduction j. see hemolytic jaundice (above).


regurgitation j. obstructive jaundice (above).


toxic j. see hepatocellular jaundice (above).


Javanese a long-haired breed of cat almost identical to the Balinese (a near neighbor), but with wider variety of colored points.


jaw [jaw] either of the two opposing bony structures (maxilla and mandible) of the mouth of vertebrates; they bear the teeth and are used for seizing prey, for biting, or for masticating food.


j. bone the mandible or maxilla, especially the mandible.


acute j. drop syndrome see mandibular neuritis.


j. champing involuntary, rapid, repetitive clenching of the teeth; accompanied by frothing of saliva; frequently accompanies clonic convulsions.


j. chattering involuntary, rapid clicking together of the teeth without salivation and usually accompanied by generalized shivering; in animals, may be a sign of painful teeth.


dropped j. see mandibular neuritis.


j. locking a dislocation of the jaw, usually following wide opening, in which the mouth cannot be closed. See also temporo-mandibular dysplasia.


lumpy j. see actinomycosis. The etiology in captive macropods is unclear but is probably Fusobacterium spp.


j. malapposition see malocclusion.


overshot j. see brachygnathism.


pig j. see brachygnathism.


j. retractor a dental gag used to keep the jaws of an animal as open as possible.


rubber j. see renal secondary hyperparathyroidism.


undershot j. see undershot.


JE Japanese encephalitis.


jejunal [jimage-joo’nimagel] pertaining to the jejunum.


j. hemorrhage syndrome a sporadic disease with high case fatality that occurs in dairy cattle and to a lesser extent beef cattle. Cows may be found dead or present in shock with severe pain and an acute abdomen, a ’ping’ and fluid-splashing sounds over the right abdomen, melena, and distended loops of intestine on per-rectal palpation. Associated with segmental intramural hemorrhage in the proximal small intestine. In these areas there is hemorrhage with immediate clotting, forming a functional occlusion of the small intestinal lumen. The cause is not known but a variant of Clostridium perfringens has been suggested.


jejunectomy [jimage“joo-nek’timage-me] excision of the jejunum.


jejunitis [jimage“joo-ni’tis] inflammation of the jejunum.


jejunocecostomy [jimage-joo“no-kimage-los’timage-me] anastomosis of the jejunum to the cecum.


jejunocolostomy anastomosis of the jejunum to the colon.


jejunoileal [jimage-joo“no-il”e-imagel] pertaining to the jejunum and ileum; connecting the proximal jejunum with the distal ileum.


jejunoileitis [jimage-joo“no-il”e-i’tis] inflammation of the jejunum and ileum.


jejunoileostomy [jimage-joo“no-il”e-os’timage-me] surgical creation of an anastomosis between the proximal jejunum and the terminal ileum; anastomosis of the jejunum to the ileum.


jejunoileum the jejunum and the ileum considered as a single organ.


jejunojejunostomy [jimage-joo“no-jimage“joo-nos’timage-me] surgical anastomosis between two portions of the jejunum.


jejunorrhaphy [jě“joo-nor’image-fe] operative repair of the jejunum.


jejunoscopy inspection of the lumen of the jejunum with an endoscope.


jejunostomy [jě“joo-nos’timage-me] surgical creation of a permanent opening between the jejunum and the surface of the abdominal wall.


j. tube a surgically positioned tube in the jejunum, protruding through the skin; it is used for enteral feeding when it is necessary to bypass the upper gastrointestinal tract.


jejunotomy [jě“joo-not’image-me] incision of the jejunum.


jejunum [jimage-joo’nimagem] that part of the small intestine extending from the duodenum to the ileum.


jelly [jel’e] a soft, coherent, resilient substance; generally, a colloidal semisolid mass.


cardiac j. a gelatinous substance present between the endothelium and myocardium of the embryonic heart that transforms into the connective tissue of the endocardium.


Wharton’s j. the soft, jelly-like intracellular substance of the umbilical cord.


jellyfish members of the class of aquatic animals the Scyphozoa, the true jellyfishes, in the phylum Cnidaria. All possess cnidia or stings and are capable of causing stings to animals and can be especially damaging when invading fish farms.


box j. distinct from other jellyfish, they are in the order Cubomedusae; one of the most venomous creatures in the world, a massive dose of their neurotoxic venom is capable of causing death in an adult human within minutes. Called also sea wasp.


Jembrana disease acute, sometimes fatal infection of the immune system of Bali cattle in Indonesia and transmitted via hematophagous arthropods. The major clinical signs are high fever, lethargy, anorexia and enlargement of the superficial lymph nodes with severe leucopenia. The cause is a lentivirus. The severity of the disease can be reduced by vaccination.


jennerian [jen-e’re-imagen] relating to Edward Jenner, who developed vaccination in England in 1796.


Jenner’s horsepox [jen’imager] see horsepox.


jennet jenny.


jenny female donkey, called also jennet; called a mare in Great Britain.


j. filly one less than 3 years of age.


jequirity bean see Abrus precatorius.


jerboa mouse-sized rodents in the family Dipodidae, native to Asia and North Africa; they have very long hindlegs adapted for jumping and a long, tufted tail. There are many species.


jerk [jurk] a sudden reflex or involuntary movement.


ankle j. see gastrocnemius reflex.


biceps j. called also elbow jerk; see biceps reflex.


elbow j. see biceps jerk (above).


j. nystagmus see vestibular nystagmus.


image

J-4 : Jersey dairy cow. From Sambraus HH, Livestock Breeds. Mosby, 1992.

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Jul 18, 2016 | Posted by in PHARMACOLOGY, TOXICOLOGY & THERAPEUTICS | Comments Off on J

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