Hemorrhage, Postpartum
Basic Information 
Clinical Presentation
Etiology and Pathophysiology
• Aged-related degenerative changes in the elastic and collagen fibers of the arterial walls may predispose to rupture, especially during stretching of the broad ligament and arteries during late gestation.
• Low serum copper concentrations in aged mares may result in vessel fragility.
• Displacement of the uterus to the left by the cecum may increase tension on the right vessels and account for the predisposition for right-side ruptures.
• Uterine prolapse or torsion may result in rupture of the middle uterine artery.
• Bleeding may occur into the peritoneal cavity or uterine lumen, often resulting in exsanguination. Hemorrhage may also dissect into the broad ligament or between the myometrium and perimetrium, resulting in hematoma without exsanguination, unless the broad ligament or perimetrium tear.
• Necrosis, thrombosis, and rupture of the external iliac artery may result from damage to the intima and media by parasites.
