Cyathostominosis

Cyathostominosis



Basic Information image



Definition


Parasitic infection in the large colon or cecum with cyathostomes (small strongyles)



Synonym(s)




• Larval cyathostomiasis


• Cyathostomiasis



Epidemiology



Species, Age, Sex


Most common in horses between ages 1 and 6 years, which have less resistance to parasitic infection



Geography and Seasonality


Commonly occurs in winter and spring



Clinical Presentation



Disease Forms/Subtypes




• Subclinical infestation


• Clinical disease (see below)



History, Chief Complaint




• Weight loss


• Inappetence


• Diarrhea


• Colic (of variable severity)


• Fever may or may not be present


• Ventral edema



Physical Exam Findings




• Poor body condition and rough hair coat


• Variable pyrexia


• Ventral edema frequently present


• Other findings as for other causes of colitis (See “Colitis/Diarrhea, Acute” in this section)


• Rectal examination


• Usually as for other causes of colitis, with rectal mucosal edema and fluid colonic contents.

• Occasionally, live larvae (small red or white worms) may be seen grossly in the feces or on the rectal sleeve.

• Rarely, mesenteric lymphadenopathy or irregularities in the colonic surface are palpable per rectum in severe cases.

• Intestinal intussusceptions are occasionally associated with cyathostominosis and may be palpable per rectum as a firm mass, usually in the right caudal abdomen. Alternatively, distension of the large or small intestine may be noted with such intestinal obstruction.


Etiology and Pathophysiology




• The life cycle of cyathostomes is directly regulated by environmental temperature.


• Eggs are passed in the feces and develop into L1, L2, and then infective L3 larvae in the environment in temperate weather (45° to 85° F). Development is impaired by hot, dry weather or freezing temperatures.
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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Cyathostominosis

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