Chloride

Chloride



Basic Information image



Definition




• Hyperchloremia: Increased chloride concentration in the blood


• Normochloremia: Normal chloride concentration in the blood


• Hypochloremia: Decreased chloride concentration in the blood



Synonym(s)




Cl–



Typical Normal Range (US units; SI units)


99 to 109 mEq/L; 99 to 109 mmol/L



Physiology


Chloride is the most significant anion in the extracellular fluid compartment. It is regulated by oral intake and renal reabsorption and secretion. Chloride is most commonly associated with proportionate changes in sodium concentration and is altered by the acid-base status of the animal. Chloride from HCl from the stomach mucosa is reabsorbed in the intestines.



Causes of Abnormally High Levels


With proportional increases in sodium:



• Water deficit: Water deprivation, hyperventilation, fever, diarrhea, diuresis, diuretics, burns, renal disease, diabetes insipidus–central/nephrogenic


• Increased absorption: Salt poisoning, hypertonic saline administration


• Decreased excretion: Hyperaldosteronism


Without proportional increases in sodium:



• Metabolic acidosis, renal tubular acidosis, compensation for primary respiratory alkalosis.

< div class='tao-gold-member'>

Related posts:

  1. Diarrhea, Neonatal
  2. Nephrotic Syndrome
  3. Staphylococcus Pyoderma
  4. Dermatophilosis

Stay updated, free articles. Join our Telegram channel
Tags:
Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Chloride

Full access? Get Clinical Tree
Get Clinical Tree app for offline access