Cecum

Cecum


Nonstrangulating Infarction



Basic Information image



Definition


Loss of blood supply to the cecum not associated with strangulation



Epidemiology



Risk Factors


High parasite load and inappropriate deworming programs may predispose to infestation with Strongylus vulgaris or larval cyathostomins.



Clinical Presentation



History, Chief Complaint


Affected horses may have mild signs of colic that progress over approximately 24 hours (most commonly reported) or acute, severe abdominal pain. Horses may also have a history of diarrhea.



Physical Exam Findings


Physical examination findings vary depending on the amount of cecum affected and the severity of vascular compromise. Variable tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever are associated with pain and endotoxemia. Cardiovascular collapse and endotoxemic shock may occur with hyperemic or toxic mucous membranes, prolonged or decreased capillary refill time, poor pulse quality, cold extremities, and decreased jugular refill.



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• One proposed cause is verminous arteritis associated with S. vulgaris infestation (see “Large Colon: Nonstrangulating Infarction” in this section).


• Multifocal infarction secondary to infestation with larval cyathostomins has also been proposed as a cause.



Diagnosis image



Differential Diagnosis




• Other causes of colic include feed or sand impaction, enterolithiasis, large colon tympany, other large colon displacements, large intestinal intraluminal obstructions, small colon impactions, ileal impactions, strangulating small intestinal obstructions, large colon volvulus, and colitis.


• Other causes of a firm viscus in the right dorsal abdomen include feed or sand impaction of the large colon, right dorsal colon impaction with a right dorsal displacement, cecal intussusception, and cecal impaction.


• Other causes of endotoxemia include colitis and large colon volvulus.


• Other causes of peritonitis include idiopathic gastrointestinal (GI) rupture and other strangulating GI lesions such as small intestinal or large colon volvulus.


• Other causes of change in fecal production and character include infectious and sand colitis and cecal impactions.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Cecum

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