Cecal Volvulus

Cecal Volvulus



Basic Information image



Definition


Rotation of the cecum around the mesenteric axis (which is also the long axis of the cecum)



Synonym(s)


Cecal torsion



Epidemiology



Associated Conditions and Disorders


Cecal volvulus has been associated with congenital abnormalities of the cecocolic fold and dorsal body wall attachments of the cecum.



Clinical Presentation



Disease Forms/Subtypes


Cecal volvulus can be separated into primary and secondary subtypes. Cecal volvulus occurs most commonly secondary to large colon volvulus. The history, clinical signs, diagnostic findings, treatment, and prognosis for cecal volvulus secondary to large colon volvulus are consistent with a large colon volvulus (see “Large Colon Volvulus”). This entry focuses on the less common primary cecal volvulus.



History, Chief Complaint


Horses with cecal volvulus present with acute, severe signs of colic.



Physical Exam Findings


Physical examination findings depend on the duration and degree of cecal compromise and distension. Early in the disease, physical examination may reveal tachycardia and decreased or absent borborygmi. As ischemia and distension progress, cardiovascular compromise and endotoxemia will occur. Signs of endotoxemia or hypovolemia on physical examination may include hyperemic or toxic mucous membranes, prolonged or increased capillary refill time, poor pulse quality, cold extremities, and decreased jugular refill.



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• As noted above, cecal volvulus may be associated with abnormalities of the cecocolic ligament or dorsal body wall attachments of the cecum. These abnormalities allow an increased range of motion of the cecum, resulting in a greater potential for rotation.


• In cases in which no congenital abnormality is identified, the etiology of cecal volvulus is unknown. As with large colon volvulus, it is possible that changes in motility or distension are the cause of the volvulus.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Cecal Volvulus

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