Candidiasis

Candidiasis



Basic Information image



Definition


Candida spp. are opportunistic fungal pathogens that can cause a variety of localized and systemic infections in neonatal and adult horses that have been immunocompromised for any reason.



Synonym(s)


Thrush



Epidemiology



Genetics and Breed Predisposition


Horses with genetic conditions leading to immune compromise (eg, severe combined immunodeficiency of Arabians) are at increased risk.



Risk Factors




• Prolonged broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy


• Disruption of cutaneous or mucosal barriers by burns, surgery, cytotoxic agents, or trauma


• Any immune deficiency or immunosuppression produced by genetic defects, disease states such as sepsis, or administration of drugs such as glucocorticoids


• Low birth weight, premature foals


• Long-term placement of indwelling IV or urinary catheters or endotracheal tubes


• Prolonged parenteral nutrition



Contagion and Zoonosis


Although humans may develop a variety of infections from Candida spp., infection acquired from handling affected horses is probably unlikely unless the person is immunocompromised.



Associated Conditions and Disorders


Any other condition associated with immune deficiency



Clinical Presentation



Disease Forms/Subtypes




• Oral candidiasis or thrush


• Systemic candidiasis with variable organ localization


• Endometritis



History, Chief Complaint


History and chief complaint vary depending on the risk factors present, the reason for immunocompromise, and the site of infection.



Physical Exam Findings




• Physical examination findings vary depending on the risk factors present, the reason for immunocompromise, and the site of infection.


• Oral candidiasis (thrush) manifests as white plaques on the oral mucosa and tongue.


• Systemic candidiasis may present with nonspecific signs of fever or with signs related to the site of infection of the infection (eg, arthritis, meningitis, omphalophlebitis, pneumonia).


• Mares with uterine candidiasis may present with vaginal discharge or failure to conceive.

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Candidiasis

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