Aortoiliac Thrombosis

Aortoiliac Thrombosis



Basic Information  image



Definition


Total or partial occlusion of the terminal portion of the aorta or the internal or external iliac arteries by masses of well-organized and vascularized fibrous tissue containing hemorrhagic, necrotic, and sometimes calcified areas with large thrombi around them. Often these masses also affect the popliteal and femoral arteries or other branches of the iliac arteries.



Synonym(s)




• Vascular obstruction of the hindlimbs


• Aortoiliac obstruction


• Aortoiliac-femoral thrombosis



Epidemiology



Species, Age, Sex




• All ages reported


• Both sexes (although there is greater incidence of clinical disease in males because collateral circulation is thought to be more efficient in females)



Genetics and Breed Predisposition




• A hereditary predisposition has been suggested in one report, but there is little evidence to support it.


• Light breeds appear to be more commonly affected than heavy breeds.



Clinical Presentation



Disease Forms/Subtypes


Clinical signs vary depending on the size, location of the thrombus, and amount of occlusion of the blood vessel.



History, Chief Complaint




• Poor performance


• Chronic progressive hindlimb lameness that worsens with exercise


• Sexual dysfunction in stallions


• May be subclinical in nonathletic horses



Physical Exam Findings




• Lameness that becomes evident during exercise, is aggravated by work, and resolves after a brief rest


• May show weakness in the pelvic limbs, ataxia, collapse after strenuous work in advanced cases, reluctance to put a hind leg down, or tendency to cow-kick after exercise


• Absence of sweating in the affected limb with profuse sweating of the remainder of the body and respiratory distress after exercise


• May have reduced skin temperature of the affected distal hind limb after exercise


• May have reduced pulse in the femoral or plantar digital arteries after exercise


• May have prolonged medial saphenous vein filling time in the affected limb shortly after work; the veins in the affected leg are indistinct


• May have gluteal atrophy on the affected side


• Failure to ejaculate in stallions



Etiology and Pathophysiology




• Unknown


• Possible causes:


• Organization of thromboembolisms caused by migrating forms of Strongylus vulgaris with incorporation of the thrombi into the arterial wall and centripetal development of progressive thrombosis
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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Aortoiliac Thrombosis

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