Anion Gap

Anion Gap



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Definition


A calculated value, using the formula [(Na2+ + K+) − (Cl− + HCO3−)], that can aid in determining the cause of acid-base abnormalities



Typical Normal Range (US units; SI units)


Approximately 5 to 15 mEq/L. Reference ranges may change among different laboratories. Clinically normal, 2- to 7-week-old foals may have a higher anion gap compared with adults (difference of 4–5 mEq/L).



Physiology


Because total cations equal total anions in the blood, the anion gap indirectly represents the difference between unmeasured anions and unmeasured cations (UA − UC). In health, major unmeasured anions include albumin, phosphates, sulfates, and small organic acids; unmeasured cations include calcium, magnesium, and gamma globulins. The latter are rarely ever increased enough to decrease the anion gap.



Causes of Abnormally High Levels


Lactic acidosis (lactate), uremic acids, ketoacids (acetoacetate, β-hydroxybutyrate), and ethylene glycol and propylene glycol metabolites

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Anion Gap

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