Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)



Basic Information image



Definition




• ALP is an enzyme found attached to the membrane of many different cell types. Isoenzyme (isozymes): Multiple variants of an enzyme that arise from the same gene


• Induced enzyme: Membrane-bound enzymes (not cytoplasmic) with increased activity attributed to cholestasis, drug, or hormonal effects



Synonym(s)




ALP



Typical Normal Range (US units; SI units)


75 to 220 IU/L



Physiology


On cell membrane of almost all tissues, very wide reference interval and is of limited utility. Unknown function and multiple isoenzymes induced in a variety of diseases. Most circulating ALP is the hepatic isozyme, followed by the bone isoenzyme. Very little intestinal ALP is in circulation. Placental form is present only in late pregnancy.



Causes of Abnormally High Levels




• Hepatic isoenzyme: Increased mostly with cholestatic diseases. Inducible with excessive stress, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (equine Cushing’s disease) or corticosteroid therapy


• Bone isoenzyme: Increased with increased osteoblastic activity (young growing animals, bony lysis, proliferative bone lesions, primary or secondary hyperparathyroidism)


• Placental isoenzyme: late pregnancy

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Jul 24, 2016 | Posted by in SMALL ANIMAL | Comments Off on Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)

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