Thorax Anatomy and Auscultation
Figure 32.2 Postmortem specimen in left lateral recumbency with ribs resected, showing the orientation of the thoracic organs. The cardiac notch of the right lung is labeled (A). Figure 32.3…
GENERAL
Cesarean Section (also known as Hysterotomy)
Practice Tip to Facilitate Procedure Infiltration of lidocaine for local anesthesia can easily accumulate dosages approaching toxicity. The total body dosage of lidocaine should not exceed 4 mg/kg body weight (1…
Teat and Udder Examination
Milk and Mastitis Llama milk differs from that of other traditional livestock species, having more protein, sugar, and calcium and less fat, sodium, potassium, and chloride than other ruminants. Acute…
Comments Regarding Female Genital Anatomy
During copulation the stud will “orgle.” Orgling is a low, humming sound with an occasional grunt. Once the stud has adequately positioned himself, he will then begin to insert his…
Chute Restraint
Figure 4.2 A commercially available alpaca chute. Figure 4.3 Alpaca chute with straps demonstrating means of providing additional restraint. RESTRAINT/POSITION Standing/cushed position may be used. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURE/METHOD Haltered…
Injections—Subcutaneous (SC), Intramuscular (IM), Intradermal (ID), Intravenous (IV)
Intramuscular (IM) injections may be made into the caudal cervical epaxial muscles or into the semimembranosus, semitendinosus, or triceps muscles. In the cervical region, the operator should palpate the region…
Vascular Catheterization— Cephalic Vein
Figure 13.2 An over-the-needle catheter is placed into the cephalic vein. Figure 13.3 Once the catheter is placed, an extension set is attached and the catheter is bandaged to the…
Caudal (Sacro-coccygeal) Epidural Anesthesia
Figure 20.2 The needle is being inserted just caudal to the sacral vertebrae (S) and cranial to the first coccygeal vertebrae (C). Note that the clinician will have to decrease…
Vascular Catheterization—Lateral Thoracic Vein
Figure 15.2 Placement of an over-the-needle catheter into the lateral thoracic vein of a laterally recumbent alpaca. Practice Tip to Facilitate Procedure
